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Antisemitismo

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An Antisemitismo[lower-alpha 1] o pag'uuri sa Hudyo[2] sarong pagka-ungis sa, pagkontra sa, o diskriminasyon laban sa, mga Hudyo. An persona na may sinasaboot na siring inaapod sa Ingles na antisemite.[3][4][5] Whether antisemitism is considered a form of racism depends on the school of thought.[lower-alpha 2][6][7] An Antisemitikong tendensya pwedeng bunga nin negatibong sentimyento kontra sa Hudyo komo sarong banwaan o negatibong pagmate' sa mga Hudyo huli sa Judaismo. Sa enot na kaso, na parati aantisemitismo sa rasa, an peronang pagka-ungis ginagatongan kan pagtubod na an mga Hudyo binibilog nin sarong tipong rasa na igwang daro-darang mga pag'uugali na maka-urag o nakakabaldi' o menos sa mga mas ginugustong mga pag'uugali sa sosyedad kan nasabing persona.[8] Sa ikaduwang kaso, na midbid komo antisemitismong relihiyoso, an pagka-ungis kan persona ginagatongan kan pagtubod relihiyoso na an mga Hudyo o Hudaismo, na binibilog nin mga doktrina na dapat masanglean na kan bagong relihiyon.[9][10] An pagtalubo' nin antisemitismo sa rasa asin sa relihiyon historikal na nagpoon mismo gikan sa anti-Hudaismo,[11][12] na ini mansana napapalaen sa konsepto nin antisemitismo.[13]

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  1. ↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na IHRA2
  2. ↑ "Jew-hatred"Paid subscription required. Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 September 2024. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  3. ↑ "anti-Semitism". Oxford Dictionaries – English. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  4. ↑ "anti-Semitism". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Archived from the original on 31 October 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ See, for example:
  6. ↑ "Measures to combat contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance" (PDF). United Nations. 1 March 1999. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Nathan, Julie (9 November 2014). "2014 Report on Antisemitism in Australia" (PDF). Executive Council of Australian Jewry. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  8. ↑ "Antisemitism in History: Racial Antisemitism, 1875–1945". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2023. These new 'antisemites,' as they called themselves, drew upon older stereotypes to maintain that the Jews behaved the way they did—and would not change—because of innate racial qualities inherited from the dawn of time. Drawing as well upon the pseudoscience of racial eugenics, they argued that the Jews spread their so-called pernicious influence to weaken nations in Central Europe not only by political, economic, and media methods, but also literally by 'polluting' so-called pure Aryan blood by intermarriage and sexual relations with non-Jews. They argued that Jewish 'racial intermixing,' by 'contaminating' and weakening the host nations, served as part of a conscious Jewish plan for world domination. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ Novak, David (February 2019). "Supersessionism hard and soft". firstthings.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Keating, Sandra Toenies (2014). "Revisiting the Charge of Taḥrīf: The Question of Supersessionism in Early Islam and the Qurʾān"Paid subscription required. Nicholas of Cusa and Islam. Brill. pp. 202–217. doi:10.1163/9789004274761_014. ISBN 978-90-04-27476-1. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2023. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ "From Religious Prejudice to Antisemitism". Facing History and Ourselves. 1 August 2017. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ Zauzmer Weil, Julie (22 August 2019). "How anti-Semitic beliefs have taken hold among some evangelical Christians". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/religion/2019/08/22/how-anti-semitic-beliefs-have-quietly-taken-hold-among-some-evangelical-christians/.
  13. ↑ Freidenreich, David M. (18 November 2022). "How Christians Have Used Anti-Jewish and Anti-Muslim Rhetoric for Their Own Ends". University of California Press. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  1. ↑ Also sinusurat man na anti-semitismo o anti-Semitismo; The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance has stated that the spelling without hyphenation is preferred, because the spelling with hyphenation implies that "Semitism" is a valid concept.[1]
  2. ↑ See the § Eternalism–contextualism debate paragraph.
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