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Napuho nang tataramon

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(Nakatukdo hali sa Tataramon na Puho')
Nakadirekta digdi an "Gadan na tataramon". Para sa proseso nin pagkapuho kan tataramon, hilingon an Pagkagadan kan tataramon.
Sarong pidaso nin surat nin Eteocypriot gikan sa Amathous, Cyprus, na may petsang c. 500–300 BCE, na ipinapahiling sa Ashmolean Museum

An napuho nang tataramon o gadan na tataramon sarong tataramon na mayong nabubuhay na subong parataram.[1][2]An tataramon na pamana, o kun minsan sarong tataramon na dai nagtuturog, sarong tataramon na napuho na nagseserbing simbolo nin etnikong identidad sa sarong grupong etniko; an mga tataramon na ini parating nag-aagi nin proseso nin pagbuhay liwat.[3] An mga tataramon na igwa nin mga enot na tataramon na parataram midbid bilang mga buhay na tataramon.

An mga tataramon tipikal na napuho bilang resulta kan proseso nin asimilasyon kultural na nagdara sa pagbalyo nin tataramon, asin an luway-luway na pagbaya sa sarong katutubong tataramon pabor sa sarong dayuhan na daratangan na ulay.[4][5][6]

Poon kan mga taon 2000, igwa nin total na mga 7,000 na katutubong tataramon na nag-eeksister sa bilog na kinaban. Kadaklan kaini mga saradit na tataramon na namemeligrong mawara; an sarong pagtantiya na ipinublikar kan 2004 naglalaom na mga 90% kan mga tataramon na itinataram kan panahon na idto mapupuho na pag-abot nin 2050.[7]

Mga tala

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Mga toltolan

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  1. ↑ Matthews, P. H. (2007-01-01), "dead language"Paid subscription required, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics (in English), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199202720.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-920272-0, retrieved 2021-11-14
  2. ↑ Lenore A. Grenoble, Lindsay J. Whaley, Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization, Cambridge University Press (2006) p.18
  3. ↑ "What is the difference between a dormant language and an extinct language?". www.ethnologue.com. 15 February 2013. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2023-07-29.
  4. ↑ Byram, Michael; Hu, Adelheid (2013-06-26). Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning (in English). Routledge. ISBN 978-1136235535.
  5. ↑ Walt, Christa Van der (2007-05-01). Living Through Languages: An African Tribute to René Dirven (in English). AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. ISBN 9781920109707.
  6. ↑ Hall, Christopher J.; Smith, Patrick H.; Wicaksono, Rachel (2015-05-11). Mapping Applied Linguistics: A Guide for Students and Practitioners (in English). Routledge. ISBN 978-1136836237.
  7. ↑ "English won't dominate as world language". NBC News. 2004-02-26. Retrieved 2012-03-22; Ian (2009-01-16). "90% Of World's Languages Extinct In 41 Years". chinaSMACK. Archived from the original on 9 January 2010. Retrieved 2012-03-22; Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Ethnologue records 7,358 living languages known, "Ethnologue, Web Version". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on October 5, 2001. Retrieved 2012-03-22, Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) but on 2015-05-20, Ethnologue reported only 7,102 known living languages; and on 2015-02-23, Ethnologue already reported only 7,097 known living languages.

Bibliograpiya

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  • Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004). The Languages of the Andes. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36275-7.
  • Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.) (1992) Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-013404-9.
  • Campbell, Lyle; & Mithun, Marianne (Eds.). (1979). The Languages of Native America: Historical and Comparative Assessment. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-74624-5.
  • Davis, Wade. (2009). The Wayfinders: Why Ancient Wisdom Matters in the Modern World. House of Anansi Press. ISBN 0-88784-766-8.
  • Dorian, Nancy C. (1978). 'Fate of Morphological Complexity in Language Death: Evidence from East Sutherland Gaelic.' Language, 54 (3), 590–609.
  • Dorian, Nancy C. (1981). Language Death: The Life Cycle of a Scottish Gaelic dialect. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-7785-6.
  • Dressler, Wolfgand & Wodak-Leodolter, Ruth (eds.) (1977) 'Language Death' (International Journal of the Sociology of Language vol. 12). The Hague: Mouton.
  • Gordon, Raymond G. Jr. (Ed.). (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (15th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671-159-X. (Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com).
  • Harrison, K. David. (2007) When Languages Die: The Extinction of the World's Languages and the Erosion of Human Knowledge. New York and London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518192-0.
  • Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
  • Mohan, Peggy; & Zador, Paul. (1986). 'Discontinuity in a Life Cycle: The Death of Trinidad Bhojpuri.' Language, 62 (2), 291–319.
  • Sasse, Hans-Jürgen (1992) 'Theory of Language Death', in Brenzinger (ed.) Language Death, pp. 7–30.
  • Schilling-Estes, Natalie; & Wolfram, Walt. (1999). 'Alternative Models of Dialect Death: Dissipation vs. Concentration.' Language, 75 (3), 486–521.
  • Sebeok, Thomas A. (Ed.). (1973). Linguistics in North America (parts 1 & 2). Current Trends in Linguistics (Vol. 10). The Hauge: Mouton. (Reprinted as Sebeok 1976).
  • Sharp, Joanne. (2008). Chapter 6: 'Can the Subaltern Speak?', in Geographies of Postcolonialism. Glasgow, UK: SAGE Publications Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4129-0779-8.
  • Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove. (2000). Linguistic Genocide in Education or Worldwide Diversity and Human Rights? Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-3468-0.
  • Thomason, Sarah Grey & Kaufman, Terrence. (1991). Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-07893-4.
  • Timmons Roberts, J. & Hite, Amy. (2000). From Modernization to Globalization: Perspectives on Development and Social Change. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-21097-9.

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