Tyrannosaurus

Tyrannosaurus; Temporal range: Late Cretaceous (Latest Campanian?-Maastrichtian), 72.7–66 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible Middle Campanian record
	Reconstruction of the T. rex type specimen at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History
Sayantipiko na klasipikasyon
Missing taxonomy template (pakarhayon):	Tyrannosaurus
Type species
	†Tyrannosaurus rex; Osborn, 1905
Other species
	†T. mcraeensis? Dalman et al., 2024; See text;
Sinonimo
	Genus synonymy Dinotyrannus ; Olshevsky, 1995 ; Dynamosaurus ; Osborn, 1905 ; Manospondylus ; Cope, 1892 ; Nanotyrannus? ; Bakker, Williams & Currie, 1988 ; Stygivenator ; Olshevsky, 1995 ; Species synonymy Aublysodon amplus? ; Marsh, 1892 ; Deinodon amplus? ; (Marsh, 1892) Hay, 1902 ; Manospondylus amplus? ; (Marsh, 1892) Olshevsky, 1978 ; Stygivenator amplus? ; (Marsh, 1892) Olshevsky, 1995 ; Tyrannosaurus amplus? ; (Marsh, 1892) Hay, 1930 ; Aublysodon cristatus? ; Marsh, 1892 ; Deinodon cristatus? ; (Marsh, 1892) Hay, 1902 ; Stygivenator cristatus? ; (Marsh, 1892) Olshevsky, 1995 ; Ornithomimus grandis ; Marsh, 1890 ; Manospondylus gigas ; Cope, 1892 ; Dynamosaurus imperiosus ; Osborn, 1905 ; Tyrannosaurus imperiosus ; (Osborn, 1905) Swinton, 1970 ; Gorgosaurus lancensis ; Gilmore, 1946 ; Albertosaurus lancensis ; (Gilmore, 1946) Russell, 1970 ; Deinodon lancensis ; (Gilmore, 1946) Kuhn, 1965 ; Aublysodon lancensis ; (Gilmore, 1946) Charig in Appleby, Charig, Cox, Kermack & Tarlo, 1967 ; Nanotyrannus lancensis ; (Gilmore, 1946) Bakker, Williams & Currie, 1988 ; Albertosaurus "megagracilis" ; Paul, 1988a (nomen nudum) ; Dinotyrannus megagracilis ; Olshevsky, 1995 ; Aublysodon molnaris ; Paul, 1988a ; Aublysodon molnari ; Paul, 1988a emend Paul, 1990 ; Stygivenator molnari ; (Paul, 1988a emend Paul, 1990) Olshevsky, 1995 ;

An Tyrannosaurus (/tɪˌrænəˈsɔːrəs/ o /taɪˌrænəˈsɔːrəs/; na nangangahulugan na "maisog na tagaw" gikan sa Griyegong tyrannos (τύραννος) asin sauros (σαῦρος)) iyo an sarong henus nin coelurosaurong therapodang dinosauryo. An espesyeng Tyrannosaurus rex (na gikan sa Latin na rex na nangangahulugan na "hade") na karaniwan na pinahalipot na T. rex iyo an sarong kabtang kan kulturang popular. Nabuhay ini sa kun saen ngunyan an solnopan na Amihanan na Amerika na sa panahon na ini iyo an sarong islang kontinenteng Laramidia na may mas mahiwas na nasasakopan kesa sa ibang mga tyrannosaurid. An mga fossil kaini nanuparan sa manlaenlaen na klase nin mga pormasyon nin gapo na may petsang Maastrichtian kan Itaas na Kretaseyoso 67 sagkod 65.5 milyon na taon an nakaagi.^[1] Kaiba ini sa mga huring bakong-gamgam na mga dinosauryo na nag-eksistir bago an pangyayaring pagkapuhong Kretaseyoso-Paleohene. Siring kan ibang mga tyrannosaurid, an Tyrannosaurus iyo an sarong bipedal na karnibora na may halakbang na bungo na binalanse nin sarong halaba asin magabat na ikog. Relatibo sa dakula asin makapangyarihan na mga likudan na kalamias, an mga atubangan na kalamias saradit minsan na nganì na bakong ordinaryong makapangyarihan para sa sukol kaini asin may duwang mga kuko mga muro. Minsan na ngani na an ibang mga theropoda nakipagdingkilan sa Tyrannosaurus rex sa sukol kaini, ini iyo an pinakadakulang bistadong tyrannosaurid asin an saro sa pinakadakulang bistadong mga predator kan kadagaan na may sukol na sagkod 12.3 m (40 ft) sa laba,^[2] sagkod 4 metres (13 ft) taas sa mga balakang,^[3] at hanggang 6.8 metric tons (7.5 short tons) sa timbang.^[4]

Toltolan

↑ Hicks, J.F., Johnson, K.R., Obradovich, J.D., Tauxe, L. and Clark, D. (2002). "Magnetostratigraphy and geochronology of the Hell Creek and basal Fort Union Formations of southwestern North Dakota and a recalibration of the Cretaceous–Tertiary Boundary", in J.H. Hartman, K.R. Johnson & D.J. Nichols (eds.), The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary in the northern Great Plains: An integrated continental record of the end of the Cretaceous. GSA Special Paper, 361: 35–55.
↑ Hutchinson J.R., Bates K.T., Molnar J., Allen V, Makovicky P.J. (2011). "A Computational Analysis of Limb and Body Dimensions in Tyrannosaurus rex with Implications for Locomotion, Ontogeny, and Growth". PLoS ONE 6 (10): e26037. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026037.
↑ "Sue's vital statistics". Sue at the Field Museum. Field Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 2007-05-15. Retrieved 2007-09-15. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Erickson, Gregory M., GM; Makovicky, Peter J.; Currie, Philip J.; Norell, Mark A.; Yerby, Scott A.; & Brochu, Christopher A. (2004). "Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs". Nature 430 (7001): 772–775. doi:10.1038/nature02699. PMID 15306807.

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[hellcreekage-1] Hicks, J.F., Johnson, K.R., Obradovich, J.D., Tauxe, L. and Clark, D. (2002). "Magnetostratigraphy and geochronology of the Hell Creek and basal Fort Union Formations of southwestern North Dakota and a recalibration of the Cretaceous–Tertiary Boundary", in J.H. Hartman, K.R. Johnson & D.J. Nichols (eds.), The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary in the northern Great Plains: An integrated continental record of the end of the Cretaceous. GSA Special Paper, 361: 35–55.

[Hutchinsonet.al.2011-2] Hutchinson J.R., Bates K.T., Molnar J., Allen V, Makovicky P.J. (2011). "A Computational Analysis of Limb and Body Dimensions in Tyrannosaurus rex with Implications for Locomotion, Ontogeny, and Growth". PLoS ONE 6 (10): e26037. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026037.

[SueFMNH-3] "Sue's vital statistics". Sue at the Field Museum. Field Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 2007-05-15. Retrieved 2007-09-15. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[ericksonetal2004-4] Erickson, Gregory M., GM; Makovicky, Peter J.; Currie, Philip J.; Norell, Mark A.; Yerby, Scott A.; & Brochu, Christopher A. (2004). "Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs". Nature 430 (7001): 772–775. doi:10.1038/nature02699. PMID 15306807.

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