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Wayang

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Wayang
Types Traditional puppet theatre
Ancestor arts Javanese people
Originating culture Indonesia
Originating era Hindu - Buddhist civilisations
Wayang kulit performance kan sikat na Indonesian dalang (puppet master) Manteb Soedharsono, sa istoryang "Gathutkaca Winisuda", sa Bentara Budaya Jakarta, Indonesia, kan 31 Hulyo 2010

Wayang ( (in the ngoko register), (in the krama register) ) sarong tradisyonal na porma nin dula sa teatro nin papet na gikan sa isla nin Java sa Indonesya . [1][2][3] Wayang nanonongod sa bilog na dramatikong palabas. Minsan an papet na gibo sa anit mismo inaapod na wayang . [4] An mga pasundayag kan wayang puppet theatre pig-aakompanyaran nin sarong orkestra nin Gamelan (sa Bali, an partikular na genre nin Gamelan para sa mga pasundayag Wayang midbid bilang an Gendér wayang ). Sa orihinal, an mga dramatikong istorya naglaladawan kan mga katutubong kultural na sagradong relihiyosong halaga kan Javanismo, alagad sa huri, nagkapirang mga bakong katutubong mitolohiya an isinabay man gikan sa Hinduismo (arog kan mga pangyayari gikan sa mga epiko kan Ramayana asin Mahabharata, na pinakaprominente sa Hinduismo kan Bali ), Islamismo, siring man mga pinagkukuanan nin relihiyon na Kristiyanismo . [5] [6] [7] Dalang, iyo an paragibo nin papet sa mga pasundayag Wayang, asin tradisyonal na naggigibo kan Wayang sa mga ritwal kan palabas poon sa matanga sagkod sa kaagahon (an mga tawo nagheheling kan palabas gikan sa mag-ibong na lado kan screen).  

Wayang performances are still very popular among Indonesians, especially in the islands of Java and Bali. Wayang performances are usually held at certain rituals, certain ceremonies, certain events, and even tourist attractions. In ritual contexts, puppet shows are used for prayer rituals (held in temples in Bali),[8] ruwatan ritual (cleansing Sukerto children from bad luck),[9] and sedekah bumi ritual (thanksgiving to God for the abundant crops).[10] In the context of ceremonies, usually it is used to celebrate mantenan (Javanese wedding ceremony) and sunatan (circumcision ceremony). In events, it is used to celebrate Independence Day, the anniversaries of municipalities and companies, birthdays, commemorating certain days, and many more. Even in the modern era with the development of tourism activities, wayang puppet shows are used as cultural tourism attractions.

Wayang traditions include acting, singing, music, drama, literature, painting, sculpture, carving, and symbolic arts. The traditions, which have continued to develop over more than a thousand years, are also a medium for information, preaching, education, philosophical understanding, and entertainment.[11]

UNESCO designated wayang – an patag na anit na papet na anino ( wayang kulit ), an patag na papet na kahoy na papet ( wayang klitik ), asin an tolong-dimensyon na kahoy na papet ( wayang golek ) teatro, bilang sarong Obra Maestra kan Oral asin Intangible Heritage of Humanity kan 7 Nobyembre 2003. Bilang kabayadan sa pagmidbid, hinagad kan UNESCO sa mga Indones na preserbaron an tradisyon. [12]

Etimolohiya

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Sa etimolohiya, wayang iyo an terminong Javanese -origin, na minana sa Lumang Javanese wayaṅ, na literal na nangangahulugan na ' anino ', [13] nanonongod sa enot na pormang anino na papet . An katumbas kan tataramon sa Modernong Pamantayan na Indones iyo an bayang . Sa modernong pang-aroaldaw na bokabularyong Javanese asin Indones, wayang pwedeng magtutukoy sa papet mismo o sa bilog na pasundayag sa teatro nin papet. Sa laog kan sakop kan linggwistikong Javanese partikularmente, an mga performance na ini igwa nin manlaen-laen na terminolohiya base sa pagkakaiba-iba kan lingguwistikong rehistro kan Javanese; an terminong wayang ginagamit sa ngoko (komun) na rehistro, mantang sa krama (magalang) na rehistro kaini an katumbas mas midbid bilang ringgit .

Kasaysayan

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Bas-relief of Sukuh temple in Central Java

Wayang is the traditional puppet theatre of Indonesia.[14] It is an ancient form of storytelling known for its elaborate puppets and complex musical styles.[15] The earliest evidence of wayang comes from medieval-era texts and archeological sites dating from late 1st millennium CE. There are four theories concerning where wayang originated (indigenous to Java; Java–India; India; and China), but of these, two are more favored: Java and India.

Ano man an ginikanan kaini, sabi ni Brandon, wayang nagtalubo asin nagin sarong pangyayari sa Javanese. Mayo nin tunay na kontemporanyong artwork nin anino nin papet sa Tsina o India na igwa nin pagkasopistikado, rarom, asin pagkamapagmukna na ipinapahayag sa wayang sa Java, Indonesya. [16]

Mga Istorya

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Wayang characters are derived from several groups of stories and settings. The most popular and the most ancient is wayang purwa, whose story and characters were derived from the Indian Hindu epics the Ramayana and Mahabharata, set in the ancient kingdoms of Hastinapura, Ayodhya, and Alengkapura (Lanka). Another group of characters is derived from the Panji cycle, natively developed in Java during the Kediri Kingdom; these stories are set in the twin Javanese kingdoms of Janggala and Panjalu (Kediri).

Wayang purwa

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Wayang purwa refer to wayang that are based on the Hindu epics the Ramayana and Mahabharata. They are usually performed as wayang kulit, wayang golek, and wayang wong dance dramas.[17]

Museo nin Wayang

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An Wayang Museum namumugtak sa lugar nin mga turista kan Kota Tua Jakarta (gurang na syudad) sa Jalan Pintu Besar Utara No.27, Jakarta 11110, Indonesya. An Wayang Museum kataid kan Jakarta Historical Museum. [18]

An museong ini igwa nin manlaen-laen na klase nin mga koleksyon wayang na Indones arog kan wayang kulit, wayang golek, wayang klitik, wayang suket, wayang beber, asin saro pang Indonesian wayang . [ kaipuhan an paglilinaw ] Igwa man nin koleksyon nin mga maskara ( topeng ), gamelan, asin mga pinturang wayang . An mga koleksyon bako sanang hale sa Indonesya, kundi igwa nin kadakol na koleksyon nin mga papet hale sa manlaen-laen na nasyon arog kan Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Suriname, Tsina, Vietnam, Pransya, India, Turkey, asin kadakol pang ibang nasyon.

Galeriya

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  • Wayang Puppet Theater
  • Wayang makassar
    Wayang makassar

Toltolan

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  1. ↑ ""Wayang puppet theatre", Inscribed in 2008 (3.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2003)". UNESCO. Retrieved 10 October 2014. 
  2. ↑ "Wayang: Indonesian Theatre". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2012. 
  3. ↑ "History and Etymology for Wayang". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 22 December 2020. 
  4. ↑ Siyuan Liu (2016). Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre. Routledge. pp. 72–81. ISBN 978-1-317-27886-3. 
  5. ↑ Empty citation (help) 
  6. ↑ Don Rubin; Chua Soo Pong; Ravi Chaturvedi; et al. (2001). The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia/Pacific. Taylor & Francis. pp. 184–186. ISBN 978-0-415-26087-9. 
  7. ↑ Yves Bonnefoy (1993). Asian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-226-06456-7. 
  8. ↑ ""Dalang Ruwat, Profesi Tak Sembarangan Ki Manteb Soedharsono"". www.cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved 13 February 2021. 
  9. ↑ ""Sedekah Bumi dan Wayang Kulit, Cara Bersyukur Petani Atas Panennya"". www.jawapos.com. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2021. 
  10. ↑ ""Wayang Seni Ritual, Dulu Dimainkan Oleh Saman"". www.balihbalihan.com. 12 June 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2021. 
  11. ↑ ""Wayang: Aset Budaya Nasional Sebagai Refleksi Kehidupan dengan Kandungan Nilai-nilai Falsafah Timur"". Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemdikbud). Retrieved 8 January 2021. 
  12. ↑ ""Wayang puppet theatre", Inscribed in 2008 (3.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2003)". UNESCO. Retrieved 10 October 2014. 
  13. ↑ Mair, Victor H. Painting and Performance: Picture Recitation and Its Indian Genesis. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988. p. 58.
  14. ↑ James R. Brandon (2009). Theatre in Southeast Asia. Harvard University Press. pp. 143–145, 352–353. ISBN 978-0-674-02874-6. 
  15. ↑ ""Wayang puppet theatre", Inscribed in 2008 (3.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2003)". UNESCO. Retrieved 10 October 2014. 
  16. ↑ James R. Brandon (2009). Theatre in Southeast Asia. Harvard University Press. pp. 42–44, 65, 92–94, 278. ISBN 978-0-674-02874-6. 
  17. ↑ Inna Solomonik. "Wayang Purwa Puppets: The Language of the Silhouette", Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 136 (1980), no: 4, Leiden, pp. 482–497.
  18. ↑ ""Museum Wayang Jakarta"". Museum Jakarta. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021. 
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