Hilingon an source kan Etanol

{{infobox
| title = Etanol
| data1 = [[File:Ethanol-2D-flat.svg|200px]]<br /> [[File:Ethanol-2D-skeletal.svg|200px]]<br /> [[File:Ethanol-3D-vdW.png|200px]]<br /> [[File:Ethanol-3D-balls.png|200px]]
| data2 = Mga pagsaladawan nin '''etanol''': bilog na istraktural na pormula, iskeletal na pormula, ispasyong pagpano na modelo, sagkod an bola asin istik na modelo
}}
An '''etanol''' ([[Ingles]]: ''ethanol, ethyl alcohol''), inaapod man na '''granyulang alkohol''', '''inumong alkohol''', '''ispirito''', o simple bilang '''alkohol''', iyo sarong organikong kimikal na kompuwesto. Ini iyo sarong simpleng [[alkohol]] na may kimikal na pormula na '''C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O'''. An pormula pwede man masurat bilang CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-OH o C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH (sarong ethyl na grupo na nakasugpon sa hydroxyl na grupo), sagkod pigpapalipot man bilang '''EtOH'''. An etanol iyo sarong bolatilo, marikas magkalayo, mayong kulay na likido na may kadikit na karakter na parong. Ini iyo sarong sikoaktibo na substansya, rekreaksyunal na [[druga]], sagkod an aktibong salak sa mga inumong alkoholiko.

An etanol iyo natural na nahihimo sa paagi nin [[permentasyon]] kan [[asukar]] gamit an [[yeast]] o sa petrokimikal na proseso arug kan "ethylene hydration". Igwa man ini nin aplikasyong medikal arug kan pagigin antiseptiko sagkod disinpektant. Piggagamit man ini bilang kimikal na panunaw sagkod sa sintesis nin mga organikong kompuwesto. An etanol iyo saro man na alternatibong panggatong na ginikanan.

== Etimolohiya ==
An ''Ethanol'' iyo an sistematikong ngaran na pigtawan kahulugan nin ''International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry'' (IUPAC) para sa sarong kompuwesto na igwang alkyl na grupo kaiba an duwang karbon na atomo (prefix “eth-”), na igwang sarong sugpon sa tahaw ninda (infix “-an-”), na nakasugpon man sa ''functional group'' na −OH (suffix “-ol”).<ref name="Pubchem">{{cite web|title=Ethanol – Compound Summary|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=702|website=The PubChem Project|location=USA|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information}}</ref>

An “eth-” na prefix sagkod an “ethyl” sa “ethyl alcohol” orihinal na gikan sa ngarang “ethyl” na pigtao kaidtong 1834 sa grupo na C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> − ni [[Justus von Liebig|Justus Liebig]]. Namokna niya an taramon hale sa Alemanong ngaran na ''Aether'' kan kompuwestong C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-O-C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub> (harus inaapod na “ether” sa Ingles, mas ispesipikong inaapod na “diethyl ether”).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Liebig|first=Justus|name-list-style=vanc|year=1834|title=Ueber die Constitution des Aethers und seiner Verbindungen|trans-title=On the constitution of ether and its compounds|language=de|doi=10.1002/andp.18341072202|journal=Annalen der Pharmacie|volume=9|issue=22|pages=1–39|quote=From page 18: "''Bezeichnen wir die Kohlenwasserstoffverbindung 4C + 10H als das Radikal des Aethers mit E<sub>2</sub> und nennen es Ethyl'', ..." (Let us designate the hydrocarbon compound 4C + 10H as the radical of ether with E<sub>2</sub> and name it ethyl ...).|bibcode=1834AnP...107..337L|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1423568}}</ref> Segun sa ''Oxford English Dictionary'', an ''Ethyl'' iyo sarong kontraksyon kan Suanoy na Griyego na [[wikt:αἰθήρ#Ancient_Greek|αἰθήρ]] (''{{transl|grc|aithḗr}}'', “ibabaw na ere”) sagkod an Griyegong taramon na [[wikt:ὕλη#Ancient_Greek|ὕλη]] (''{{transl|grc|hýlē}}'', “substansya”).<ref>Harper, Douglas. [https://www.etymonline.com/?term=ethyl "ethyl"]. ''Online Etymology Dictionary''.</ref>

An ngarang ''ethanol'' iyo namokna bilang sarong resulta nin resolusyon sa ''International Conference on Chemical Nomenclature'' na nagdurar kaidtong Abril 1892 sa Geneva, [[Switzerland]].<ref>For a report on the 1892 International Conference on Chemical Nomenclature, see:

* {{cite journal|last=Armstrong|first=Henry|name-list-style=vanc|year=1892|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=LHkCAAAAIAAJ|page=56}}|title=The International Conference on Chemical Nomenclature|journal=Nature|volume=46|pages=56–59|doi=10.1038/046056c0|issue=1177|bibcode=1892Natur..46...56A|doi-access=free}}
* Armstrong's report is reprinted with the resolutions in English in: {{cite journal|last=Armstrong|first=Henry|name-list-style=vanc|year=1892|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=RogMAQAAIAAJ|page=398}}|title=The International Conference on Chemical Nomenclature|journal=The Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry|volume=6|issue=1177|pages=390–400 (398)|quote=The alcohols and the phenols will be called after the name of the hydrocarbon from which they are derived, terminated with the suffix ''ol'' (ex. pentanol, pentynol, etc.)|bibcode=1892Natur..46...56A|doi=10.1038/046056c0|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== Kimika ==
[[Ladawan:Spiritusflamme_mit_spektrum.png|thumb|An etanol na nagkakalayo kabale an depiksyon kan ispektrum kaini]]

=== Kimikal na pormula ===
An etanol iyo sarong 2-karbon na alkohol. An molekular na pormula iyo CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH. A alternatibong notasyon iyo CH<sub>3</sub>−CH<sub>2</sub>−OH, na nagpapahiling na an karbon kan sarong methyl na grupo (CH<sub>3</sub>−) iyo nakasugpon sa karbon nin sarong methylene na grupo (−CH<sub>2</sub>–), na nakasugpon sa [[oksiheno]] nin hydroxyl na grupo (−OH). Ini iyo sarong konstitusyonal na isomer kan dimethyl ether. An etanol iyo minsan pigpapalipot bilang '''EtOH''', na minagamit nin organikong kimika na notasyon na nagrerepresenta sa ethyl na grupo (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>−) kaiba an '''Et'''.

=== Pisikal na karakter ===
An etanol iyo sarong bolatilo, mayong kulay na likido na igwang kadikit na parong. Nasusulo ini na minaluwas nin mayong aso asin asul na kalayo na dae pirmi nahihiling sa normal na liwanag. An pisikal na karakter kan etanol iyo primerong naguguno sa presensya kan hydroxyl na grupo kaini sagkod sa pagigin halipot kan karbon na kadena kaini. An hydroxyl na grupo kan etanoliyo kayang magpartisipar sa sugpunang hidroheno, na minatao saiya nin mas malapot sagkod mas hababang bolatilo kaysa sa mas dae-polar na mga organikong kompuwesto nin kaparehong molekular na gabat, arug kan propane.

== Kagamitan ==

=== Antiseptiko ===
[[Ladawan:Ethyl alcohol usp grade.jpg|thumb|Sarong etanol na may gradong USP na gagamiton para sa laboratoryo]]
An ethanol iyo piggagamit sa mga medikal na pamunas sagkod kadaklan sa antibakteryal na panhugas nin kamot huli sa epekto kaini laban sa mga bakterya sagkod fungi.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pohorecky|first1=Larissa A.|last2=Brick|first2=John|title=Pharmacology of ethanol|journal=Pharmacology & Therapeutics|date=January 1988|volume=36|issue=2–3|pages=335–427|doi=10.1016/0163-7258(88)90109-X|pmid=3279433}}</ref> Piggagadan kan etanol an mga mikroorganismo sa paagi nin pagtunaw kan saindang membrane lipid bilayer sagkod denaturing kan saindang mga [[protina]], asin iyo epektibo laban sa kadaklan nin bakterya asin [[Fungus|fungi]] sagkod mga [[birus]]. Pero, ini iyo dae-epektibo laban sa mga bacterial spores, asin pwede man pakusugon gamit an hydrogen peroxide.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=McDonnell G, Russell AD|title=Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|volume=12|issue=1|pages=147–79|date=January 1999|pmid=9880479|pmc=88911|doi=10.1128/CMR.12.1.147}}</ref> 

An solusyon nin 70% etanol iyo mas epektibo kaysa sa purong etanol huli ta an etanol naglalaom sa mga molekula nin tubig para sa optimong antimikrobyal na aktibidad. An purong etanol pupuwedeng disganaron an mga membrane kan mikrobyo, pero dae ninda magagadan an mga ini, huli ta an alkohol iyo dae masasakop nin bilog an nasambit na membrane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/disinfection-methods/chemical.html|title=Chemical Disinfectants {{!}} Disinfection & Sterilization Guidelines {{!}} Guidelines Library {{!}} Infection Control {{!}} CDC|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2018-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/post/Why_is_70_ethanol_used_for_wiping_microbiological_working_areas|title=Why is 70% ethanol used for wiping microbiological working areas?|website=ResearchGate|language=en|access-date=2018-01-29}}</ref> An etanol pwede man gamiton bilang sarong disinpektant sagkod antiseptiko huli ta nagkakawsa ini nin pagkapaha sa mga selula sa paagi nin pagraot sa osmotikong balansiya sa mebrane kan selula, kaya an tubig minahale sa selula na matao nin kagadanan digdi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ethanol|url=https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00898|website=www.drugbank.ca|access-date=28 January 2019}}</ref>

=== Rekreasyunal ===
Bilang sarong depressant sa sentral na sistemang nerbo, an etanol iyo saro sa mga pinakanakokonsumo na sikoaktibong druga.<ref>[https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001944.htm Alcohol use and safe drinking]. US National Institutes of Health.</ref>

Maski ngani an alkohol igwang sikoaktibong karakter, ini iyo madaling hanapon sagkod legal na nabebenta sa kadaklan nin mga nasyun. Alagad, may mga ley na nagreregula sa pagbenta eksportasyon/ importasyon, taksasyon, paggibo kaini, pagkonsumo, asin posesyon nin mga inumong alkoholiko. An pinakabistong regulasyon iyo an pagbabawal sa mga menor-de-edad. 

=== Panggatong ===
An pinakadakulang solamenteng gamit nin etanol iyo an pagigin panggatong sa mga makina. An [[Brazil]] sa partikular iyo naglalaom sa paggamit nin etanol bilang sarong panggatong, huli ta sinda saro sa mga nangengenot na paragibo nin etanol.<ref>{{cite web|title=Availability of Sources of E85|url=http://www.cleanairtrust.org/Sources-Availability-E85.html|website=Clean Air Trust|access-date=27 July 2015}}</ref> An gasolina na nabebenta sa Brazil iyo igwang dae mababa sa 25% anhydrous na etanol. An hydrous na etanol (harus 95% etanol sagkod 5% tubig) iyo pwedeng magamit kan 90% nin mga bagong kotse na nagagasolinahan sa nasyun. An Brasilyanong etanol iyo namomokna hale sa tubo sagkod nanutaran sa halangkaw na karbonong sekwestrasyon.<ref name="WaPo-Brazil">{{cite news|vauthors=Reel M|date=19 August 2006|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/19/AR2006081900842.html|title=Brazil's Road to Energy Independence|website=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> An US sagkod an nagkapirang mga nasyun nangengenot sa paggamit nin E10 (10% etanol, minsan bistado bilang gasohol) asin E85 (85% etanol) etanol/gasolina na pinagsalak.

== Mga halimbawa sa komersyo ==
<gallery>
Ladawan:San Miguel Beer-set.jpg|Serbesa
Ladawan:Sao Paulo ethanol pump 04 2008 74 zoom.jpg|Bioethanol
Ladawan:Overflowing sake glass in masu.jpg|Sake
Ladawan:Ethanol Flasche.jpg|Denatured ethanol
</gallery>

== Hilingon man ==

* [[Permentasyon]]
* [[Serbesa]]
* [[Sake]]

== Iba pang babasahon ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | last1 = Boyce | first1 = John M | last2 = Pittet | first2 = Didier | name-list-style = vanc | year = 2003 | url = http://cdc.gov/handhygiene/ | title = Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings | publisher = Centers for Disease Control | location = Atlanta, Georgia, United States }}.
* {{cite conference |url=http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/abe_eng_conf/68/ |title=Ethanol production, purification, and analysis techniques: a review |first1=Shinnosuke |last1=Onuki |first2=Jacek A. |last2=Koziel |first3=Johannes |last3=van Leeuwen |first4=William S. |last4=Jenks |first5=David |last5=Grewell |first6=Lingshuang |last6=Cai | name-list-style = vanc |date=June 2008 |conference=2008 ASABE Annual International Meeting |location=Providence, RI |access-date=16 February 2013 }}
* {{cite web | url = http://sci-toys.com/ingredients/alcohol.html | website = Sci-toys | title = Explanation of US denatured alcohol designations }}
*{{cite book|last=Lange|first=Norbert Adolph|editor=John Aurie Dean|title=Lange's Handbook of Chemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4YlqAAAAMAAJ|edition=10th|year=1967|publisher=McGraw-Hill}}
{{refend}}

== Panluwas na takod ==
{{Commons category|Ethanol}}
{{Wiktionary|alcohol|ethanol}}
* [http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/mv_alcohol.htm Alcohol (Ethanol)] at ''The Periodic Table of Videos'' (University of Nottingham)
* [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0044.htm International Labour Organization] (Pangkaligtasan na impormasyon)
* [http://www.npi.gov.au/substances/ethanol/index.html National Pollutant Inventory – Ethanol Fact Sheet]
* [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0262.html CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Ethyl Alcohol]
* [http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Name=ethanol&Units=SI National Institute of Standards and Technology] (Kimikal na data manungod sa etanol)
* [http://www.cmegroup.com/company/cbot.html Chicago Board of Trade] bareta sagkod data sa komersyo para sa futuro nin etanol
* Kalkulasyon kan [http://ddbonline.ddbst.de/AntoineCalculation/AntoineCalculationCGI.exe?component=Ethanol vapor pressure], [http://ddbonline.ddbst.de/DIPPR105DensityCalculation/DIPPR105CalculationCGI.exe?component=Ethanol liquid density], [http://ddbonline.ddbst.de/VogelCalculation/VogelCalculationCGI.exe?component=Ethanol dynamic liquid viscosity], [http://ddbonline.ddbst.de/DIPPR106SFTCalculation/DIPPR106SFTCalculationCGI.exe?component=Ethanol surface tension] nin ethanol
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140915061825/http://www.ethanolhistory.com/ Ethanol History] (Uusipon kan etanol)
* [http://chemsub.online.fr/name/ethyl_alcohol.html ChemSub Online: Ethyl alcohol]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170210214845/http://www.inclusive-science-engineering.com/industrial-alcohol-production-from-ethylene-and-sulphuric-acid/industrial-ethyl-alcohol-production-from-ethylene-and-sulphuric-acid/ Industrial ethanol production process flow diagram using ethylene and sulphuric acid]

== Toltolan ==
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{{agham-saringsing}}
[[Kategorya:Organikong kimika]]