Hilingon an source kan Kolkata


An '''Kolkata''' /koʊlˈkɑːtə/ (<span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kolkata]</span>&#x20;<span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;">[[File:Loudspeaker.svg|link=File:Bn-কলকাতা.oga|11x11px|Manungod sa tanog]]</span>[[Media:Bn-কলকাতা.oga|dangugon]]</span></span>)</span>, midbid na '''Calcutta''' /kælˈkʌtə/, an opisyal na ngaran hantos 2001)  an kapitolyo  nin [[Indya|Indiyanong]] estado kan Sulnupang Bengal. Nasa subangang banko kan Salog Hooghly na pigtatantyang 75 kilometro (47 mi) sulnupan kan hangganan nin [[Banglades|Bangladesh]], ini an komersiyo, kultural, asin sentro nin edukasyon sa East India, mientras an Port of Kolkata an pinakalumang ng ooperar na puerto sa India asin salog. An siyudad nabibisto sa pagiging "cultural capital" sa India, asin igwang alyas na "City of Joy".<ref name="teleg16">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/1245/india-calcutta-the-capital-of-culture.html|title=India: Calcutta, the capital of culture-Telegraph|work=telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=25 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102024458/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/1245/india-calcutta-the-capital-of-culture.html|archivedate=2 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="dnaind">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-kolkata-remains-cultural-capital-of-india-amitabh-bachchan-1763111|title=Kolkata remains cultural capital of India: Amitabh Bachchan - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|accessdate=25 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625005244/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-kolkata-remains-cultural-capital-of-india-amitabh-bachchan-1763111|archivedate=25 June 2017}}</ref><ref name="bus-std">{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/foundation-of-kolkata-museum-of-modern-art-laid-113111400889_1.html|title=Foundation of Kolkata Museum of Modern Art laid|work=business-standard.com|accessdate=25 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305054533/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/foundation-of-kolkata-museum-of-modern-art-laid-113111400889_1.html|archivedate=5 March 2016}}</ref> Base sa 2011 Indian census, ini an ikapitong pinakamatawong siyudad; igwa ini nin populasyon na 4.5&nbsp;milyon, mientras an ibang siyudad uminabot 14.1&nbsp;million kagabsan, ini nagin ikatolo sa pinakamatawong lugar sa India. Tigtatantya na an ekonomiya kan Kolkata uminabot sa $60 hanggang $150 billion (GDP) na nagin ika tolo sa pinakaproduktibong lugar , sunod sa [[Mumbai]] asin Delhi.<ref name="Brookings">{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/|title=Global city GDP 2014|accessdate=8 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525113815/https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/|archivedate=25 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="pricewater">{{Cite web|title=Which are the largest city economies in the world and how might this change by 2025?|url=http://pwc.blogs.com/files/global-city-gdp-rankings-2008-2025.pdf|accessdate=17 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418012510/http://pwc.blogs.com/files/global-city-gdp-rankings-2008-2025.pdf|archivedate=18 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="YahooTop15">{{Cite web|title=India's top 15 cities with the highest GDP Photos Yahoo! India Finance|url=https://in.finance.yahoo.com/photos/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807049.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009131024/https://in.finance.yahoo.com/photos/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807049.html|archivedate=9 October 2014|accessdate=27 March 2017}}</ref>

== Mga toltolan ==

== Mababasa pa lalo ==
<br />{{Refbegin|35em}}
* {{cite book|title=Calcutta: the living City|last=Chaudhuri|given=S|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1990|isbn=978-0-19-562585-1|volume=I and II|location=Kolkata}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UKfoHi5412UC|title=Calcutta: a cultural and literary history|last1=Dutta|given1=Krishna|publisher=Signal Books|year=2003|isbn=978-1-902669-59-5|location=Oxford, UK}}
* {{cite book|title=Calcutta diary|last1=Mitra|given1=A|publisher=Frank Cass|year=1976|isbn=978-0-7146-3082-3|location=London}}
* {{cite book|title=The changing face of Calcutta: an architectural approach|last1=Mukherjee|given1=SC|publisher=Government of West Bengal|year=1991|location=Kolkata|asin=B0000D6TXX}}
* {{cite book|title=City requiem, Calcutta: gender and the politics of poverty|last1=Roy|given1=A|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]]|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8166-3932-8|location=Minneapolis, US}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shPmSQBGKRwC|title=Calcutta poor: elegies on a city above pretense|last1=Thomas|given1=Frederic C.|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=1997|isbn=978-1-56324-981-5|location=Armonk, New York City}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/City_Of_Joy.html?id=VbURK16m5ysC|title=La cité de la joie (The City of Joy)|last1=Lapierre|given1=Dominique|publisher=Arrow|year=1985|isbn=978-0-09-914091-7|location=Kolkata}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=Kolkata: A Soul City (Historic and Famed Cities of India)|last=Singh|first=Malvika|date=2011|publisher=Academic Foundation|isbn=978-81-7188-886-3|location=|page=110}} 
* {{cite book|url=|title=Grand Delusions: A Short Biography of Kolkata|last=Hazra|first=Indrajit|date=1 December 2013|publisher=Aleph Book Company|isbn=978-93-82277-28-6|location=|page=156}} 
* {{cite book|url=|title=Calcutta Chromosome: A Novel of Fevers, Delirium and Discovery|last=Ghosh|first=Amitav|date=22 April 2009|publisher=Penguin India|isbn=978-0-14-306655-2|location=|page=200}} 
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Om8oAAAAYAAJ&dq=calcutta|title=The Early History and Growth of Calcutta|last=Deb|first=Binaya Krishna|date=1905|publisher=Romesh Chandra Ghose|isbn=|location=Harvard University|page=278}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=Calcutta, the Living City: The past|last=Chaudhuri|first=Sukanta|date=1990|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-562718-3|location=the University of Michigan|page=292}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=City Requiem, Calcutta: Gender and Politics of Poverty|last=Roy|first=Ananya|date=1 October 2002|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0-8166-3933-5|location=|page=352}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=Kolkata: the dream city|last1=Chatterjee|first1=Jayabrato|last2=Khullar|first2=Rupinder|date=1 January 2004|publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors|isbn=978-81-7476-471-3|location=the University of Michigan|page=93}} 
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=3ALLbrilUQUC&dq=calcutta|title=Calcutta|last=Moorhouse|first=Geoffrey|date=1971|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-009557-9|location=|page=393}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=The Black Hole of Empire: History of a Global Practice of Power|last=Chatterjee|first=Partha|date=2012|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-15201-1|location=|page=425}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=Representing Calcutta: Modernity, Nationalism, and the Colonial Uncanny|last=Chattopadhyay|first=Swati|date=2005|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-34359-6|location=|page=314}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=Beyond Kolkata: Rajarhat and the Dystopia of Urban Imagination|last1=Dey|first1=Ishita|last2=Samaddar|first2=Ranabir|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134931378|location=|page=304|author-link=}} 
* {{cite book|url=|title=Women in Kolkata's IT Sector: Satisficing Between Work and Household|last1=Husain|first1=Zakir|last2=Dutta|first2=Mousumi|date=2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9788132215936|location=|page=133|author-link=}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=Urban Development in India: Global Indians in the Remaking of Kolkata|last=Bose|first=Pablo Shiladitya|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317596738|location=|page=178|author-link=}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=Cultures of Servitude: Modernity, Domesticity, and Class in India|last1=Ray|first1=Raka|last2=Qayum|first2=Seemin|date=2009|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=9780804760713|location=|page=255|author-link=}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=Claiming the City: Protest, Crime, and Scandals in Colonial Calcutta, c. 1860-1920|last=Ghosh|first=Anindita|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0199464791|location=|page=340|author-link=}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=Revolutionary Pamphlets, Propaganda and Political Culture in Colonial Bengal|last=Sanyal|first=Shukla|date=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107065468|location=|page=219|author-link=}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=Echoes from Old Calcutta: Being Chiefly Reminiscences of the Days of Warren Hastings, Francis, and Impey|last=Busteed|first=Henry Elmsley|date=1888|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=9788120612952|location=|page=359|author-link=}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=Calcutta Conversations|last1=Fruzzetti|first1=Lina|last2=Östör|first2=Ákos|date=2003|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=9788180280092|location=|page=242|author-link=}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=The Condition, Improvement and Town Planning of the City of Calcutta and Contiguous Areas: The Richards Report|last=Richards|first=E. P.|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317617006|location=|page=492|author-link=}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=Econophysics of Wealth Distributions: Econophys-Kolkata I|last1=Chatterjee|first1=Arnab|last2=Yarlagadda|first2=Sudhakar|date=2007|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9788847003897|location=|page=248|author-link=}} 
* {{cite book|url=|title=Calcutta: The Stormy Decades|last=Sarkar|first=Tanika|publisher=Social Science Press|year=2015|isbn=978-9383166077|location=|page=486|author-link=}}
* {{cite book|url=|title=A City in the Making: Aspects of Calcutta's Early Growth|last=Choudhury|first=Ranabir Ray|publisher=Niyogi Books|year=2016|isbn=978-9385285288|location=|page=564|author-link=}} 
* {{cite book|url=|title=Memoirs of Roads: Calcutta from Colonial Urbanization to Global Modernization|last=Banerjee|first=Sumanta|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199468102|location=|page=192|author-link=}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Refbegin}}
* [https://www.kmcgov.in/ Kolkata Municipal Corporation]
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/West_Bengal/Localities/Kolkata/}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/89203/Kolkata Kolkata] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' entry
{{Refend}}

{{Geographic location
 |Centre = Kolkata 
 |North = [[Sikkim]]
 |East = [[Assam]]<br />[[Bangladesh]]
 |South = ''[[Suba' kan Bengal]]''
 |West = [[Bihar]]<br />[[Jharkhand]]
}}


{{Authority control}}

[[Kategorya:Kolkata| ]]<!--eponymous cat 1st-->