Hilingon an source kan Mesopotamya

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| header= Mesopotamya
| image1   = N-Mesopotamia and Syria english.svg
| caption1 = Mapa na nagpapahiling sa hiwas kan Mesopotamya. Pinapahiling an [[Washukanni]], [[Nineveh]], [[Hatra]], [[Assur]], [[Nuzi]], [[Palmyra]], [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], [[Sippar]], [[Babylon]], [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]], [[Nippur]], [[Isin]], [[Lagash]], [[Uruk]], [[Charax Spasinu]] asin [[Ur]], poon sa norte hasta sa sur.
| image2   = Mesopotamia 9 October 2020.jpg|
| caption2 = Sarong modernong tanawon kan Mesopotamya hali sa satelayt (Oktubre 2020).
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An '''Mesopotamya''' o '''Mesopotamia''' ({{lang-grc|Μεσοποταμία}} ''Mesopotamíā''; {{lang-ar|بِلَاد ٱلرَّافِدَيْن}} {{transl|ar|Bilād ar-Rāfidayn}}; {{lang-syc|ܐܪܡ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ}}, {{transl|syc|Ārām-Nahrīn}} or {{lang|syc|ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ}}, {{transl|syc|Bēṯ Nahrīn}})<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.dukhrana.com/lexicon/RPayneSmith/page.php?p=388|title=Thesaurus Syriacus|last=Smith|first=Robert Payne|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=388}}</ref> iyo sarong historikal na rehiyon sa Solnopoang Asya na mahihiling sa laog kan Salog Tigris-Euphrates na sistema,sa norteng parte kan ''Fertile Crescent''. An Mesopotamya pig-ookupa an kadaklan kan [[Iraq]] asin [[Kuwait]] sa ngunyan.<ref name="research_gate">{{cite journal|title=Sea Level Changes in the Mesopotamian Plain and Limits of the Arabian Gulf: A Critical Review|first2=Nasrat|first5=Jan|last5=Laue|first4=Talal|last4=Mukhalad|first3=Nadhir|last3=Al-Ansari|last2=Adamo|date=January 2020|first1=Varoujan K.|last1=Sissakian|volume=10|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340066759|journal=Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering|page=88–110|issue=4}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://theconversation.com/amp/in-ancient-mesopotamia-sex-among-the-gods-shook-heaven-and-earth-87858|title=In ancient Mesopotamia, sex among the gods shook heaven and earth|work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]|date=23 April 2018|author=Louise Pryke}}</ref><ref>Miquel, A.; Brice, W.C.; Sourdel, D.; Aubin, J.; Holt, P.M.; Kelidar, A.; Blanc, H.; MacKenzie, D.N.; Pellat, Ch. (2011), "ʿIrāḳ", in Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.), ''Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition'', Leiden: Brill Online, OCLC 624382576</ref> An historikal na rehiyon iyo yaon man an payo kan Gulpong Persyano asin parte kan sa ngunyang [[Iran]], [[Syria]], asin [[Turkey]].<ref>{{citation|title=Ancient Mesopotamia. The Eden that never was|last=Pollock|first=Susan|year=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-57568-3|series=Case Studies in Early Societies|page=1}}</ref><ref name="auto" />

An mga Sumeryano asin Akkadiyano (kabali an mga Asiryano asin Babilinyo) pigdomina an Mesopotamya sa poon kan nasurat na historya ({{circa|3100 BC}}) hasta sa pagbagsak kan [[Babilonya]] kaidtong 539 BC, kan pigsakop ini kan Emperyong Achaemenid. Buminagsak ini ki [[Alexander the Great]] kan 332 BC, asin pagkatapos kan saiyang pagkagadanan, nagin ining parte kan Emperyo kan Griyegong Seleucid. Pakatapos, an mga Aramyano pigdomina an mga mayor na parte kan Mesopotamia ({{circa|900 BC – 270 AD}}).<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Ancient Near East|last=Liverani|first=Mario|date=December 4, 2013|publisher=|isbn=|location=|pages=549}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Might That Was Assyria|last=Saggs|first=Henry William Frederick|publisher=|year=1984|isbn=0-283-98961-0|location=|pages=128}}</ref>

Harus 150 BC kan an Mesopotamya yaon sa irarom kan kontrol nin Emperyong Partiyano. An Mesopotamya nagin sarong lugar nin labanan sa tahaw kan mga Romano asin Partiyano, kun sain an solnopang parte kan Mesopotamya iyo halipot na panahong napasairarom kan kontrol nin mga Romano. Kan 226 AD, an mga subangang rehiyon kan Mesopotamya iyo nahulog sa mga Persyanong Sassanid. An dibisyon kan Mesopotamia sa tahaw kan mga Romano (Bisantino hali sa 395 AD) asin Emperyong Sassanid naghaloy hasta sa ika-7 na siglong pagsakop kan Persya nin mga Muslim kan Emperyong Sasaniyano asin an pagsakop kan mga Muslim sa Lebanto hali sa mga Bisantino. Nagkapirang mga estado sa pangengenot nin mga neo-Asiryano asin katutubong Kristiyano an naitogdas sa tahaw kan enot na siglo BC asin ikatolong siglo BC kabali an Adiabene, Osroene, asin Hatra.

An Mesopotamya iyo an sityo kan mga pinakasuanoy na pag-uswag sa Neolitikong Rebolusyon kan harus 10,000 BC. Bistado ini bilang "nagtao nin inspirasyon sa nagkapira sa mga pinakaimportanteng pag-uswag sa historya kan katawohan, kabali an imbensyon kan ruweda, an pagtanom sa pinakaenot na mga cereal, asin an paghaman kan kursibong iskripto, [[matematika]], [[astronomiya]], asin [[agrikultura]]". Nagin bisto ini bilang saro sa mga pinakasuanoy na sibilisasyon na naitogdas sa kinaban.<ref name="historyandpolicy">{{cite web|url=http://www.historyandpolicy.org/papers/policy-paper-13.html|title=Iraq, past, present and future: a thoroughly-modern mandate?|last=Milton-Edwards|first=Beverley|date=May 2003|work=History & Policy|publisher=History & Policy|access-date=9 December 2010|location=[[United Kingdom]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208112958/http://www.historyandpolicy.org/papers/policy-paper-13.html|archive-date=8 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Panluwas na takod ==
{{Commons category|Mesopotamia|Mesopotamya}}
{{Wikivoyage|Ancient Mesopotamia|Suanoy na Mesopotamya}}
{{Wikivoyage|Mesopotamia (Region)|Mesopotamya (Rehiyon)}}
* [https://www.worldhistory.org/Mesopotamia/ Ancient Mesopotamia] – linya nin oras, depinisyon, asin mga artikulo sa World History Encyclopedia
* [http://www.mesopotamia.co.uk/ Mesopotamia]&nbsp;– introduksyon sa Mesopotamya gikan sa British Museum
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070721235759/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49xB8x1920/ By Nile and Tigris], a narrative of journeys in Egypt and Mesopotamia on behalf of the British museum between the years 1886 and 1913, by Sir E.A. [[Wallis Budge]], 1920 ''(a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; [[DjVu]] & [https://web.archive.org/web/20081121055457/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49xB8x1920/1f layered PDF] format)''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050525231213/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/ds49x2xm465d/ A Dweller in Mesopotamia], being the adventures of an official artist in the Garden of Eden, by Donald Maxwell, 1921 ''(a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; [[DjVu]] & {{cite web|url=http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xM465D/1f/dweller_in_mesopotamia.pdf |title=layered PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050906055955/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS49x2xM465D/1f/dweller_in_mesopotamia.pdf |archive-date=6 September 2005 }}&nbsp;{{small|(7.53&nbsp;MB)}} format)''
* [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS69x5xH236M/ Mesopotamian Archaeology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050215054649/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS69x5xH236M/ |date=2005-02-15 }}, ni Percy S.P. Handcock, 1912 ''(a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; [[DjVu]] & {{cite web |url= http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS69x5xH236M/1f/mesopotamian_archaeology.pdf |title= layered PDF |access-date= 2021-11-16 |archive-date= 2005-10-07 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20051007220405/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/DS69x5xH236M/1f/mesopotamian_archaeology.pdf |dead-url= yes }}&nbsp;{{small|(12.8&nbsp;MB)}} format)''
* [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11773/ Mesopotamia], 1920

== Toltolan ==
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[[Kategorya:Historya kan Asya]]