Hilingon an source kan Sibilisasyon kan Kababan kan Indo

[[Ladawan:Indus Valley Civilization, Mature Phase (2600-1900 BCE).png|thumb|260x260px|Mapa kan Sibilisasyong Indus]]
[[Ladawan:Mohenjo-daro.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Nakalot na tada kan Mohenjo-daro sa probinsya nin Sindh, Pakistan]]
An '''Sibilisasyon kan Kababan kan Indo''' o '''Sibilisasyon kan Indo''' ([[Ingles]]: ''Indus Civilisation<ref>For example, in the titles of the works used to reference this article by Habib (2015), Marshall (ed., 1931 and 1996), Parpola (2015), Possehl (2002), and Sullivan (1964)</ref>'' o ''Indus Valley Civilisation'') iyo sarong sibilisasyon sa Panahon nin Bronse sa mga norte-solnopang rehiyon kan [[Sur na Asya]], na naghaloy poon 3300&nbsp;BCE hasta 1300&nbsp;BCE, asin sa mabaskog na porma poon 2600&nbsp;BCE hasta 1900&nbsp;BCE.{{Sfn|Wright|2009|p=1}} Kaiba an suanoy na Ehipto asin [[Mesopotamya]], ini iyo saro sa tolong enot na silibisasyon sa Haraning Subangan asin Sur na Asya, asin sa tolo, iyo an pinakalakop, an mga sityo kaini iyo minalakop sa hiwas poon sa ngunyang norte-subangang [[Afghanistan]], sa kadaklan nin [[Pakistan]], asin pasiring sa solnopan asin norte-solnopang Indya.{{sfn|Wright|2009}} Nag-usawag ini sa gilid kan Salog Indus, na minabulos sa laba kan Pakistan, asin sa sistema nin perenyal, harus inuuran, na salog na sa sarong beses minakurso sa bisinidad kan panahonang salog nin Ghaggar-Hakra sa norte-solnopang Indya asin subangang Pakistan.{{Sfn|Wright|2009|p=1}}{{Sfn|Giosan|Clift|Macklin|Fuller|2012}}

An mga syudad kan sibilisasyon iyo nanutaran sa saindang pagplanong urban, harong na igwa nin piglutong bloke, marhay na sistemang pag-apon, sistemang suplay nin tubig, durukutan na darakulang dae-residensyal na edipisyo, asin bagong teknik sa gibuhong kamot (carnelian na produkto, seal carving) asin metalurhiya ([[tanso]], [[bronse]], [[tingga]], asin [[lata]]).{{Sfn|Wright|2009|pp=115–125}} An mga darakulang syudad nin [[Mohenjo-daro]] asin [[Harappa]] nagdakula para erokan nin 30,000 hasta 60,000 na indibidwal,<ref>{{harvnb|Dyson|2018|p=29}} "Mohenjo-daro and Harappa may each have contained between 30,000 and 60,000 people (perhaps more in the former case). Water transport was crucial for the provisioning of these and other cities. That said, the vast majority of people lived in rural areas. At the height of the Indus valley civilization the subcontinent may have contained 4-6 million people." </ref> asin asin sibilisasyon mismo durante sa kakusogan kaini pwede pig-erokan nin saro asin limang milyong mga indibdwal.{{Sfn|McIntosh|2008|p=387|ps=: "The enormous potential of the greater Indus region offered scope for huge population increase; by the end of the Mature Harappan period, the Harappans are estimated to have numbered somewhere between 1 and 5 million, probably well below the region's carrying capacity."}}

Kan 2002, harus 1,000 na mabaskog na syudad asin pig-erokan sa Harappa an naireport, kun sain kulang sana sa sanggatos an nakalot.{{Sfn|Possehl|2002a}}{{Sfn|Possehl|2002|p=20}}<ref name="Singh2008-p137">{{harvnb|Singh, Upinder|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA137 137]}}. "Today, the count of Harappan sites has risen to about 1,022, of which 406 are in Pakistan and 616 in India. Of these, only 97 have so far been excavated."</ref> Alagad, igwa sana nin limang mayor na urbanong mga sityo:{{Sfn|Coningham|Young|2015|p=192}} An Harappa, Mohenjo-daro ([[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]), [[Dholavira]], [[Ganeriwala]], asin [[Rakhigarhi]].{{Sfn|Wright|2009|p=107}} An suanoy na kultura sa Harrapa iyo pigsundan kan mga lokal na Neolitikong agrikultural na kahararongan, kun sain an mga salog na kapatagan an pig-erokan.<ref name="Shaffer 1992 loc=I:441–464, II:425–446">{{Harvnb|Shaffer|1992|loc=I:441–464, II:425–446.}}</ref>{{sfn|Kenoyer|1991}}

An tataramong Harappano iyo dae pang direktang napatotoohan, asin an apilyasyon kaini dae pa nakakasiguro huli ta an iskriptong Indus dae pa naaaraman an totoo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/we-are-all-harappans/300463|title=We are all Harappans|series=Outlook India}}</ref> An relasyon sa Drabidyano o Elamo-Drabidyanong pamilya nin tataramon iyo pigpaboran nin sarong seksyon nin mga iskolar.{{sfn|Ratnagar|2006a|p=25}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4VOYN0dmqMC|title=Societies, Networks, and Transitions|author=Lockard, Craig|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4390-8535-6|edition=2nd|volume=Volume&nbsp;1: To 1500|location=India|page=40}}</ref>

== Mga panluwas na takod ==
{{Wikivoyage|Mohenjo-daro}}
{{Commons category|Indus Valley Civilization|Sibilisasyon kan Indo}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.harappa.com/ Harappa and Indus Valley Civilization at harappa.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051125125109/http://pubweb.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp/indus/english/index.html An invitation to the Indus Civilization (Tokyo Metropolitan Museum)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629091226/http://www.upenn.edu/researchatpenn/article.php?674&soc Cache of Seal Impressions Discovered in Western India]

== Toltolan ==
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[[Kategorya:Historya kan Asya]]
[[Kategorya:Indya]]