Ley

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Iustitia ("Lady Justice") iyo an simbolikong personipikasyon kan coercive na poder nin sarong tribunal: sarong espada na nagrerepresentar sa otoridad kan estado, eskala na nagrerepresentar sa obhektibong estandarte asin piring na nagrerepresentar sa hustisya bilang bakong parsyal.

An ley iyo an grupo nin mga reglamento na minokna asin pigsasakatupadan kan sosyal asin institusyon kan gobyerno tanganing makontrol an mga gawe,[1] kaibahan an saiyang kahulugan sarong bagay na halawig na pigdedebatehan.[2][3][4] Haloy na iyan na piglaladawan bilang sarong siyensya[5][6] asin bilang sarong arte nin hustisya.[7][8][9]

Nagtatao an ley nin gikanan nin eskolar na inquiry sa ligal na kasaysayan,[10] pilosopiya,[11] ekonomikong pag-analisar[12] asin sosyolohiya.[13] Nagtatao man an ley nin importante asin kompleks na mga isyu na may kinaaraman sa pagkaparantay, fairness, asin hustisya.[14][15]

Toltolan[baguhon | baguhon an source]

  1. Robertson, Crimes against humanity, 90.
  2. Willis, Hugh Evander (January 1926). "A Definition of Law". Virginia Law Review 12 (3): 203–214. doi:10.2307/1065717. https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2248&context=facpub. Retrieved on 3 January 2020. 
  3. Gibbs, Jack P. (1968). "Definitions of Law and Empirical Questions". Law & Society Review 2 (3): 429–446. doi:10.2307/3052897. ISSN 0023-9216. 
  4. Akers, Ronald L. (Fall 1965). "Toward a Comparative Definition of Law". Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 56 (3): 301–306. doi:10.2307/1141239. http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5313&context=jclc. Retrieved on 3 January 2020. 
  5. See for example Spooner, Lysander (1882). Natural Law; or The Science of Justice: A Treatise on Natural Law, Natural Justice, Natural Rights, Natural Liberty, and Natural Society; Showing that All Legislation Whatsoever is an Absurdity, a Usurpation, and a Crime. Part First. A. Williams & Co. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  6. Núñez Vaquero, Álvaro (10 June 2013). "Five Models of Legal Science" (in en). Revus. Journal for Constitutional Theory and Philosophy of Law / Revija za ustavno teorijo in filozofijo prava (19): 53–81. doi:10.4000/revus.2449. ISSN 1581-7652. https://journals.openedition.org/revus/2449. Retrieved on 31 December 2019. 
  7. Cohen, Morris L. (1992). Law : the art of justice. Beaux Arts Editions. ISBN 9780883633120. 
  8. Rubin, Basha (13 January 2015). "Is Law an Art or a Science?: A Bit of Both". Forbes. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  9. Berger, Adolf (1953). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law. American Philosophical Society. p. 525. ISBN 978-0-87169-432-4. Roman ars boni et aequi. 
  10. Gordley, James (16 November 2006). Reimann, Mathias; Zimmermann, Reinhard. eds. "Comparative Law and Legal History" (in en). The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law: 752–774. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199296064.013.0024. ISBN 9780199296064. https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199296064.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199296064-e-024. Retrieved on 31 December 2019. 
  11. Bor, Fredric L. (1974). "The nexus between philosophy and law". Journal of Legal Education 26 (4): 539–543. ISSN 0022-2208. 
  12. Rubin, Paul H. "Law and Economics". The Library of Economics and Liberty. Liberty Fund, Inc. Archived from the original on 2 July 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.  Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  13. Banakar, Reza (2003). Merging law and sociology : beyond the dichotomies in socio-legal research. Berlin/Wisconsin: Galda and Wilch Publishing. ISBN 1-931255-13-X. 
  14. Pound, Roscoe (1914). "The End of Law as Developed in Legal Rules and Doctrines". Harvard Law Review 27 (3): 195–234. doi:10.2307/1325958. ISSN 0017-811X. 
  15. Sarat, Austin; Kearns, Thomas, eds. (1996). Justice and Injustice in Law and Legal Theory. University of Michigan Press. pp. 18–19. doi:10.3998/mpub.10283. ISBN 9780472096251. JSTOR 10.3998/mpub.10283.