Neandertal

Neanderthal; Temporal range: Middle to Late Pleistocene 0.43–0.04 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	An approximate reconstruction of a Neanderthal skeleton. The central rib-cage (including the sternum) and parts of the pelvis are from modern humans.
Sayantipiko na klasipikasyon
Missing taxonomy template (pakarhayon):	Homo
Espesyes:	†H. neanderthalensis
Ngaran binomyal
	†Homo neanderthalensis; King, 1864
	Known Neanderthal range in Europe (blue), Southwest Asia (orange), Uzbekistan (green), and the Altai Mountains (violet)
Sinonimo
	Homo H. stupidus ; Haeckel, 1895; H. europaeus primigenius ; Wilser, 1898; H. primigenius ; Schwalbe, 1906; H. antiquus ; Adloff, 1908; H. transprimigenius mousteriensis ; Farrer, 1908; H. mousteriensis hauseri ; Klaatsch 1909; H. priscus ; Krause, 1909; H. chapellensis ; von Buttel-Reepen, 1911; H. calpicus ; Keith, 1911; H. acheulensis moustieri ; Wiegers, 1915; H. lemousteriensis ; Wiegers, 1915; H. naulettensis ; Baudouin, 1916; H. sapiens neanderthalensis ; Kleinshmidt, 1922; H. heringsdorfensis ; Werthe, 1928; H. galilensis ; Joleaud, 1931; H. primigenius galilaeensis ; Sklerj, 1937; H. kiikobiensis ; Bontsch-Osmolovskii, 1940; H. sapiens krapinensis ; Campbell, 1962; H. erectus mapaensis ; Kurth, 1965; ; Palaeoanthropus P. neanderthalensis ; McCown and Keith, 1939; P. heidelbergensis ; McCown and Keith, 1939; P. ehringsdorfensis ; Paterson, 1940; P. krapinensis ; Sergi, 1911; P. palestinensis ; McCown and Keith, 1939; P. europaeus ; Sergi, 1910; ; Protanthropus P. atavus ; Haeckel, 1895; P. tabunensis ; Bonarelli, 1944; ; Acanthropus A. neanderthalensis ; Arldt, 1915; A. primigenius ; Abel, 1920; A. neanderthalensis ; Dawkins, 1926; ;

An Neanderthals (/niˈændərˌtɑːl, neɪ-, -ˌθɑːl/ nee-AN-də(r)-TAHL, nay-, -⁠THAHL;^[7] Homo neanderthalensis or H. sapiens neanderthalensis), pigsusurat man bilang Neandertals, iyo an sarong extinct na espesye o subespesye kan archaic humans na nakaistar sa Eurasya sagkod sa haros 40,000 na taon an nakaagi.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] An type specimen, Neanderthal 1, nanompongan kaidtong 1856 sa Neander Valley sa presenteng aldaw na Alemanya.

Toltolan[baguhon | baguhon an source]

↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na haeckel
↑ Schwalbe, G. (1906). Studien zur Vorgeschichte des Menschen [Studies on the pre-history of man] (in German). Stuttgart, E. Nägele. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61918. hdl:2027/uc1.b4298459.
↑ Klaatsch, H. (1909). "Preuves que l'Homo Mousteriensis Hauseri appartient au type de Neandertal" (in fr). L'Homme Préhistorique 7: 10–16. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5864483g/f25.image..
↑ Romeo, L. (1979). Ecce Homo!: a lexicon of man. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 92. ISBN 978-90-272-2006-6.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 McCown, T.; Keith, A. (1939). The stone age of Mount Carmel. The fossil human remains from the Levalloisso-Mousterian. 2. Clarenden Press.
↑ Szalay, F. S.; Delson, E. (2013). Evolutionary history of the Primates. Academic Press. p. 508. ISBN 978-1-4832-8925-0.
↑ Wells, J. (2008). Longman pronunciation dictionary (3rd ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na higham2014
↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na higham2011
↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na pinhasi2011
↑ Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na galvan2014

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[haeckel-1] Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na haeckel

[schwalbe-2] Schwalbe, G. (1906). Studien zur Vorgeschichte des Menschen [Studies on the pre-history of man] (in German). Stuttgart, E. Nägele. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61918. hdl:2027/uc1.b4298459.

[klaatsch-3] Klaatsch, H. (1909). "Preuves que l'Homo Mousteriensis Hauseri appartient au type de Neandertal" (in fr). L'Homme Préhistorique 7: 10–16. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5864483g/f25.image..

[romeo1979-4] Romeo, L. (1979). Ecce Homo!: a lexicon of man. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 92. ISBN 978-90-272-2006-6.

[mccown1939-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 McCown, T.; Keith, A. (1939). The stone age of Mount Carmel. The fossil human remains from the Levalloisso-Mousterian. 2. Clarenden Press.

[6] Szalay, F. S.; Delson, E. (2013). Evolutionary history of the Primates. Academic Press. p. 508. ISBN 978-1-4832-8925-0.

[7] Wells, J. (2008). Longman pronunciation dictionary (3rd ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.

[higham2014-8] Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na higham2014

[higham2011-9] Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na higham2011

[pinhasi2011-10] Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na pinhasi2011

[galvan2014-11] Error sa pag-cite: Imbalidong <ref> tatak; mayong teksto na ipinagtao para sa reperensiya na pinagngaranan na galvan2014

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