Hilingon an source kan René Descartes

{{Infobox philosopher|region=[[Western philosophy]]<br>[[Dutch philosophy]]<br>[[French philosophy]]|school_tradition={{plainlist|
*[[Rationalism]]
*[[Cartesianism]]
*[[Mechanism (philosophy)|Mechanism]]
*[[Innatism]]<ref>Tad M. Schmaltz, ''Radical Cartesianism: The French Reception of Descartes'', [[Cambridge University Press]], 2002, [https://books.google.com/books?id=pIYcUBCOrNgC&lpg=PP1&hl=de&pg=PA257 p. 257].</ref>{{rp|257}}
*[[Foundationalism]]<ref name=SEP-FTJ>{{cite encyclopedia | url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justep-foundational/#4 | title=Foundationalist Theories of Epistemic Justification | encyclopedia=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] | date=21 February 2000 | access-date=19 August 2018 | author=Fumerton, Richard}}</ref>
*[[Conceptualism]]<ref>[[David Bostock (philosopher)|Bostock, D.]], ''Philosophy of Mathematics: An Introduction'', Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, [https://books.google.com/books?id=pdf99SaeOe4C&lpg=PP1&hl=de&pg=PA43 p. 43]: "All of Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume supposed that mathematics is a theory of our ''ideas'', but none of them offered any argument for this conceptualist claim, and apparently took it to be uncontroversial."</ref>{{rp|43}}
*[[Augustinianism]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Gutting|first=Gary |title=Pragmatic Liberalism and the Critique of Modernity|url=https://archive.org/details/pragmaticliberal0000gutt|url-access=registration|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/pragmaticliberal0000gutt/page/116 116]|quote=Modernity begins with Descartes's mutation of Augustinianism. Taylor emphasizes that "Descartes is in many ways profoundly Augustinian".|isbn= 9780521649735|year=1999 }}</ref>
*[[Indirect realism]]<ref>[[John W. Yolton|Yolton, J. W.]], ''Realism and Appearances: An Essay in Ontology'', Cambridge University Press, 2000, [https://archive.org/details/realismappearanc0000yolt/page/136 p. 136].</ref>{{rp|136}}
*[[Correspondence theory of truth]]<ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-correspondence/ "The Correspondence Theory of Truth"] (''[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'')</ref>
*[[Corpuscularianism]]<ref>Gaukroger, S., ''Descartes: An Intellectual Biography'', Clarendon Press, 1995, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QVwDs_Ikad0C&pg=PA228 p. 228].</ref>
*[[Medieval theological voluntarism|Theological voluntarism]]<ref name="Gilson"/>}}|thesis_year=1616|thesis_url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-works/tlatin.html|thesis_title=Untitled LL.B. thesis|notable_ideas={{collapsible list|
*''[[Cogito ergo sum]]''
*[[Cartesian doubt|Method of doubt]]
*[[Subject (philosophy)|Subjectivity]]
*[[Method of normals]]
*[[Analytic geometry]]
*[[Cartesian coordinate system]]
*[[Mind–body problem]]
*[[Cartesian dualism]]<br>([[Interactionism (philosophy of mind)|interactionism]], [[trialism]])
*[[Cartesian circle]]
*[[Foundationalism]]
*''[[Mathesis universalis]]''
*[[Folium of Descartes]]
*[[Dream argument]]
*[[Evil demon]]
*[[Conservation of momentum]] (''quantitas motus'')
*[[Balloonist theory]]
*[[Wax argument]]
*[[Trademark argument]]
*[[Causal adequacy principle]]
*''[[Mental substance|Res cogitans]]''/''[[res extensa]]'' distinction
*[[Conatus#In Descartes|Conatus]]
}}|influenced=Virtually all subsequent [[Western philosophy]], especially [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]], [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Leibniz]], [[John Locke|Locke]], [[Nicolas Malebranche|Malebranche]], [[Antoine Arnauld|Arnauld]], [[Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet|Bossuet]],<ref>[http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/B/BOS/jacques-benigne-bossuet.html "Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, French prelate and historian (1627–1704)"] from the Encyclopædia Britannica, 10th Edition (1902)</ref> [[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]], [[Christiaan Huygens|Huygens]], [[Isaac Newton|Newton]], [[Voltaire]], [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]], [[David Hume|Hume]], [[Edward Gibbon|Gibbon]], [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], [[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]], [[Edmund Husserl|Husserl]], [[Noam Chomsky|Chomsky]]|influences={{hlist|[[Plato]]|[[Aristotle]]|[[Archimedes]]|[[Ibn al-Haytham|Alhazen]]|[[Al-Ghazali]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Marenbon |first=John | author-link=John Marenbon |title=Medieval Philosophy: an historical and philosophical introduction |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=JX2CAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=de&pg=PA174 174] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2007 |url=http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415281133 |isbn=978-0-415-28113-3}}</ref>|[[Averroes]]|[[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]]| [[Elisabeth of the Palatinate]]|[[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]]|[[Stoics]]|[[Thomas Aquinas|Aquinas]]|[[William of Ockham|Ockham]]|[[Francisco Suárez|Suárez]]|[[Marin Mersenne|Mersenne]]|[[Sextus Empiricus]]|[[Michel de Montaigne|Montaigne]]|[[Jacobus Golius]]|[[Isaac Beeckman|Beeckman]]|[[William Harvey|Harvey]]<ref>H. Ben-Yami, ''Descartes' Philosophical Revolution: A Reassessment'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, p. 76.</ref>|[[François Viète|Viète]]<ref>H. Ben-Yami, ''Descartes' Philosophical Revolution: A Reassessment'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, p. 179: "[Descartes'] work in mathematics was apparently influenced by Viète's, despite his denial of any acquaintance with the latter's work."</ref>|[[Duns Scotus]]<ref name="Gilson">[[Étienne Gilson]] argued in ''La Liberté chez Descartes et la Théologie'' (Alcan, 1913, pp. 132–147) that Duns Scotus was not the source of Descartes's [[Medieval theological voluntarism|Voluntarism]]. Although there exist doctrinal differences between Descartes and Scotus "it is still possible to view Descartes as borrowing from a Scotist Voluntarist tradition" (see: John Schuster, ''Descartes-Agonistes: Physico-mathematics, Method & Corpuscular-Mechanism 1618–33'', Springer, 2012, [https://books.google.com/books?id=W3M4fwdOCqcC&lpg=PP1&hl=de&pg=PA363 p. 363], n. 26).</ref>|[[Teresa of Ávila]]<ref name="CM2017"/>}}|main_interests=[[Epistemology]], [[metaphysics]], [[mathematics]], [[physics]], [[cosmology]]|nationality=French|era=[[17th-century philosophy]]<br>[[Age of Enlightenment]]|education={{plainlist|
*[[Prytanée National Militaire|Collège Royal Henry-Le-Grand]] (1607–1614)
*[[University of Poitiers]] (LL.B., 1616)
*[[University of Franeker]] (no degree)
*[[Leiden University]] (no degree)
}}|death_place=[[Stockholm]], [[Swedish Empire]]|death_date=11 February 1650 <br> (aged 53)|birth_place=[[Descartes, Indre-et-Loire|La Haye en Touraine]], [[Touraine]], [[Kingdom of France]]|birth_date=31 March 1596|name=René Descartes|caption=Portrait after [[Frans Hals]] {{efn|Although the uncertain authorship of this most iconic portrait of Descartes was traditionally attributed to Frans Hals, there is no record of their meeting. During the 20th century the assumption was widely challenged.<ref>[[Steven Nadler|Nadler, S.]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=a2yYDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover ''The Philosopher, The Priest, and The Painter''] (Princeton: [[Princeton University Press]], 2013), pp. 174–198.</ref>|group=n}}|image=Frans Hals - Portret van René Descartes.jpg|signature=[[File:Firma Descartes.svg|150px]]}}Si '''René Descartes''' ({{IPAc-en||d|eɪ|ˈ|k|ɑːr|t}} or {{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|d|eɪ|k|ɑːr|t}}; {{IPA-fr|ʁəne dekaʁt|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Descartes.wav}}; <small>[[Latinisation of names|Latinized]]:</small> '''Renatus  Cartesius''';{{efn|[[Adjective|Adjectival form]]:</small> ''[[Cartesianism|Cartesian]]'' {{IPAc-en|k|a:r|'|t|i:|z|i|@|n|,_|-|i:|Z|@n}}}}<ref name="longman">{{cite book|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|last=Wells|first=John|date=3 April 2008|publisher=Pearson Longman|isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0|edition=3rd|author-link=John C. Wells}}</ref> 31 Marso 1596 – 11 Pebrero 1650<ref>{{cite web|title=Descartes|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/descartes|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]}}</ref><ref>"[https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/descartes,_rene Descartes, René]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}" (US English). ''[[Oxford Dictionaries|Lexico]]''. [[Oxford University Press]]. 2020.</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Light and Enlightenment|last=Colie|first=Rosalie L.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1957|page=[https://archive.org/details/lightenlightenme0000coli/page/58 58]}}</ref>{{rp|58}}) sarong Pranses na pilosopo, matematiko, asin siyensya na nag-imbento kan analytical geometry, na pinagsuway an [[heometriya]] asin   [[alhebra]]. Siya nagtrabaho sa [[Dutch Republic]], nagsirbe sa  [[Dutch States Army]] of [[Maurice, Prince of Orange|Maurice of Nassau]], [[Prince of Orange]] asin [[Stadtholder]] kan [[Dutch Republic|United Provinces]]. Saro sa mga midbid na matatali sa [[Dutch Golden Age]],<ref>[[Steven Nadler|Nadler, Steven]]. 2015. ''The Philosopher, the Priest, and the Painter: A Portrait of Descartes''. Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-691-16575-2}}.</ref> si Descartes an saro sa mga nagmukna kan modernong pilosopiya.

== Hilingon man ==
{{Portal|Mathematics|Philosophy}}{{div col}}
* [[3587 Descartes]], asteroid
* [[Cartesian circle]]
* [[Cartesian doubt]]
* [[Cartesian materialism]] (not a view that was held by or formulated by Descartes)
* [[Descartes number]]
* [[Cartesian plane]]
* [[Descartes Prize]]
* [[Descartes-Huygens Prize]]
* [[Cartesian product]]
* [[Cartesian product of graphs]]
* [[Cartesian theater]]
* [[Cartesian tree]]
* [[Descartes (crater)|Descartes crater]] and [[Descartes Highlands|Highlands]] on the Moon ([[Apollo 16]] landing site)
* [[Descartes' rule of signs]]
* [[Descartes' theorem|Descartes's theorem (4 tangent circles)]]
* [[Descartes' theorem on total angular defect]]
* [[Folium of Descartes]]
* [[Bucket argument]]
* [[Paris Descartes University]]
{{div col end}}

== Mga toltolan ==

=== Nota ===
{{Notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Ginikanan ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|url=http://www.cartesius.net/doc/pubblicazioni/Examina_Philosophica_1.pdf|title=Examina Philosophica. I Quaderni di Alvearium|year=2015|editor-last1=Agostini|editor-first1=Siegrid|volume=Le fondement de la science. Les dix premières années de la philosophie cartésienne (1619–1628)|editor-last2=Leblanc|editor-first2=Hélène}}
* {{cite book|title=A History of Mathematics|last=Boyer|first=Carl|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1985|isbn=978-0-691-02391-5|location=Princeton, NJ|author-link=Carl Benjamin Boyer}}
* {{cite book|title=Between Two Worlds|last=Carriero|first=John|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-691-13561-8}}
* {{cite book|title=Cartesian Linguistics: A Chapter in the History of Rationalist Thought|author=Chomsky, Noam|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1966|isbn=978-1-877275-34-0|location=New York|author-link=Noam Chomsky}}; (2009) Third Edition, edited with a new introduction by James McGilvray, Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-521-70817-3}}
* {{cite book|title=Descartes: A Biography|last=Clarke|first=Desmond|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-521-82301-2|location=Cambridge|author-link=Desmond Clarke}}
* {{cite book|title=René Descartes – Exercices pour les éléments des solides|last=Costabel|first=Pierre|publisher=[[Presses Universitaires de France]]|year=1987|isbn=978-2-13-040099-8|location=Paris|author-link=:fr:Pierre Costabel}}
* {{cite book|title=The Cambridge Companion to Descartes|last=Cottingham|first=John|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-521-36696-0|location=Cambridge|author-link=John Cottingham}}
* {{cite book|url=http://www.lutterworth.com/jamesclarke/jc/titles/proofew.htm|title=The Proof of the External World: Cartesian Theism and the Possibility of Knowledge|last=Duncan|first=Steven M.|publisher=James Clarke & Co|year=2008|isbn=978-0-227-17267-4|location=Cambridge|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223092646/http://www.lutterworth.com/jamesclarke/jc/titles/proofew.htm|archive-date=23 December 2008|url-status=dead}}
* Farrell, John. "Demons of Descartes and Hobbes." ''Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau'' (Cornell UP, 2006), chapter 7.
* {{cite book|title=Descartes' Metaphysical Physics|last=Garber|first=Daniel|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-226-28219-0|location=Chicago|author-link=Daniel Garber (philosopher)}}
* {{cite book|title=The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy|last1=Garber|first1=Daniel|last2=Ayers|first2=Michael|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-521-53721-6|location=Cambridge|author-link2=Michael R. Ayers}}
* {{cite book|title=Descartes: An Intellectual Biography|last=Gaukroger|first=Stephen|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1995|isbn=978-0-19-823994-9|location=Oxford|author-link=Stephen Gaukroger}}
* Gillespie, A. (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100618050955/http://stir.academia.edu/documents/0011/0112/Gillespie_Descartes_demon_a_dialogical_analysis_of_meditations_on_first_philosophy.pdf Descartes' demon: A dialogical analysis of 'Meditations on First Philosophy.'] Theory & Psychology, 16, 761–781.
* {{cite book|title=Descartes: The Life and times of a Genius|last=Grayling|first=A.C.|publisher=Walker Publishing Co., Inc.|year=2005|isbn=978-0-8027-1501-2|location=New York|author-link=A. C. Grayling}}
* [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger, Martin]] [1938] (2002) ''The Age of the World Picture'' in [https://books.google.com/books?id=QImd2ARqQPMC&pg=PA66 ''Off the beaten track''] pp.&nbsp;57–85
* {{cite book|title=Descartes|last=Keeling|first=S. V.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1968|location=Oxford}}
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/greatconversatio00norm|title=The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy|last=Melchert|first=Norman|publisher=McGraw Hill|year=2002|isbn=978-0-19-517510-3|location=New York|author-link=Norman Melchert|url-access=registration}}
* Monnoyeur, Françoise (November 2017), ''Matière et espace dans le système cartésien'', Paris, Harmattan, 266 pages. {{ISBN|978-2-343-13394-2}}.
* Moreno Romo, Juan Carlos, ''Vindicación del cartesianismo radical'', Anthropos, Barcelona, 2010.
* Moreno Romo, Juan Carlos (Coord.), ''Descartes vivo. Ejercicios de hermenéutica cartesiana'', Anthropos, Barcelona, 2007
* {{cite book|title=Descartes' Deontological Turn: Reason, Will and Virtue in the Later Writings|last=Naaman-Zauderer|first=Noa|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-521-76330-1}}
* [[Antonio Negri|Negri, Antonio]] (2007) ''The Political Descartes'', Verso.
* {{cite book|title=Kartenspiel, oder Kommentar zu den Meditationen des Herrn Descartes|last=Ozaki|first=Makoto|publisher=Klein Verlag.|year=1991|isbn=978-3-927199-01-9|location=Berlin}}
* Sasaki Chikara (2003). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=H1H1CAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Descartes's Mathematical Thought'']. (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 237.) xiv + 496 pp., bibl., indexes. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
* {{cite book|title=Zweifel und Sein – Der Ursprung des modernen Selbstbewusstseins in Descartes' cogito|last=Schäfer|first=Rainer|publisher=Koenigshausen&Neumann|year=2006|isbn=978-3-8260-3202-8|location=Wuerzburg}}
* Serfati, Michel, 2005, "Géometrie" in [[Ivor Grattan-Guinness]], ed., ''Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics''. Elsevier: 1–22.
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/descartes0000sore|title=Descartes|last=Sorrell|first=Tom|publisher=Oxford University Press.|year=1987|isbn=978-0-19-287636-2|location=Oxford|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|title=René Descartes: A Biography|last=Vrooman|first=Jack Rochford|publisher=Putnam Press|year=1970}}
* {{cite journal|first1=Richard A.|last1=Watson|author-link1=Richard Watson (philosopher)|title=René Descartes|journal=Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc|date=2012|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/158787/Rene-Descartes|access-date=31 March 2012}}
* Watson, Richard A. (2007). Cogito, Ergo Sum: a life of René Descartes. David R Godine. 2002, reprint 2007. {{isbn|978-1-56792-335-3}}. Was chosen by the New York Public library as one of "25 Books to Remember from 2002"
* {{cite journal|last=Woo|first=B. Hoon|title=The Understanding of Gisbertus Voetius and René Descartes on the Relationship of Faith and Reason, and Theology and Philosophy|journal=Westminster Theological Journal|year=2013|volume=75|number=1|url=https://www.academia.edu/3325870|pages=45–63}}
{{refend}}

== Panluwas na takod ==
{{Sister project links|auto=yes}} {{EB1911 poster|Descartes, René}}

=== General ===

* [http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/blog/?catalogue=rene-descartes The Correspondence of René Descartes] in [http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/home EMLO]
* {{Gutenberg author|id=Descartes,+René|name=René Descartes}}
* {{Internet Archive author|sname=René Descartes|sopt=t}}
* {{Librivox author|id=4158}}
* [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Descartes.html Detailed biography of Descartes at MacTutor]
* {{Cite CE1913|wstitle=René Descartes}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081220142538/http://www.freewebs.com/dqsdnlj/d.html John Cottingham translation of ''Meditations'' and ''Objections and Replies''.]
* [http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/modlangfrench/20/ René Descartes (1596–1650)] Published in ''Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition'' (1996)
* [http://www.earlymoderntexts.com A site containing Descartes's main works, including correspondence, slightly modified for easier reading]
* [[iarchive:descartesphiloso010838mbp|Descartes Philosophical Writings tr. by Norman Kemp Smith]] at archive.org
* [[iarchive:studiesincartes00smitgoog|Studies in the Cartesian philosophy (1902) by Norman Kemp Smith]] at archive.org
* [[iarchive:philosophicalwor005524mbp|The Philosophical Works Of Descartes Volume II (1934)]] at archive.org
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money5.htm Descartes featured on the 100 French Franc banknote from 1942.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416151301/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money5.htm |date=2009-04-16 }}
* {{IMSLP|id=Descartes, René}}
* {{MathGenealogy|id=125358}}
* [http://www.cartesius.net Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi su Descartes e il Seicento]
* Livre Premier, ''La Géométrie'', online and analyzed by A. Warusfel, [http://www.bibnum.education.fr/mathematiques/geometrie/le-livre-premier-de-la-geometrie-de-descartes ''BibNum'']<small>[click "à télécharger" for English analysis]</small>

=== Bibliographies ===

* [https://archive.is/20160110112345/http://www.cartesius.net/menu-demo/bibliografia-cartesiana ''Bibliografia cartesiana/Bibliographie cartésienne on-line (1997–2012)'']

=== ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' ===

* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes/ Descartes]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-works/ Life and works]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-epistemology/ Epistemology]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-mathematics/ Mathematics]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-physics/ Physics]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ethics/ Ethics]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-modal/ Modal Metaphysics]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ontological/ Ontological Argument]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ideas/ Theory of Ideas]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pineal-gland/ Pineal Gland]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-works/history.html Law Thesis]

=== ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' ===

* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/descarte/ Descartes]
* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/desc-eth/ Descartes: Ethics]
* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/descmind/ Descartes: Mind-Body Distinction]
* [http://www.iep.utm.edu/desc-sci/ Descartes: Scientific Method]

=== Other ===

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44h9QuWcJYk Bernard Williams interviewed about Descartes on ''Men of ideas'']
{{Tamboan}}