Shudra

An Shudra (Sanskrito: Śūdra) iyo an nagtatrabahong grupo kan Vedic Dharm o Hindu caste system asin orden sosyal sa India. Mga iba-ibang reperensia an nagsalin kaini sa Ingles bilang sarong caste, o alternatibo bilang sarong sosyal na klase.^[1] Dai ini inaako na termino mantang an tataramon na itinapok gikan sa tataramon na Portugese na casta .

An tataramon na Shudra minalataw sa Rig Veda asin manonompongan iyan sa iba pang tekstong Hindu arog kan Manusmriti, Arthashastra, Dharmashastras asin Jyotishshastra.

Sa teoretikong paagi, an Shudra an nag - ako kan minanang klase sa pagtrabaho sa iba. Sa nagkapirang kaso, an mga shudra nagpartisipar sa pagkorona sa mga hade, o mga ministro asin hade segun sa enot na mga teksto sa India. An lambang klase nin nagtatrabaho inaapod na Shudras.^[2]^[3] An Shudras binibilog nin 52% kan total na populasyon kan Indya segun sa senso kan 2011.

Toltolan

↑ Davis, Marvin (1983). Rank and Rivalry: The Politics of Inequality in Rural West Bengal. Cambridge University Press. p. 51. ISBN 9780521288804.
↑ Richard Gombrich (2012). "Chapter 8. Caste in the Monastery". Buddhist Precept & Practice. Routledge. pp. 343–357. ISBN 978-1-136-15616-8. ; According to Gombrich's study of Buddhist texts, particularly relating to castes in Sri Lankan Buddhist and Tamil Hindu society,also"The terms Vaisya and Sudra did not correspond to any clear-cut social units, even in the ancient period, but various groups were subsumed under each term (...); In medieval times (say AD 500–1500) though society was still said to consist of the four classes, this classification seems to have become irrelevant (...)"
↑ Naheem Jabbar (2009). Historiography and Writing Postcolonial India. Routledge. pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-1-134-01040-0.

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[davis51-1] Davis, Marvin (1983). Rank and Rivalry: The Politics of Inequality in Rural West Bengal. Cambridge University Press. p. 51. ISBN 9780521288804.

[2] Richard Gombrich (2012). "Chapter 8. Caste in the Monastery". Buddhist Precept & Practice. Routledge. pp. 343–357. ISBN 978-1-136-15616-8. ; According to Gombrich's study of Buddhist texts, particularly relating to castes in Sri Lankan Buddhist and Tamil Hindu society,also"The terms Vaisya and Sudra did not correspond to any clear-cut social units, even in the ancient period, but various groups were subsumed under each term (...); In medieval times (say AD 500–1500) though society was still said to consist of the four classes, this classification seems to have become irrelevant (...)"

[jabbar148-3] Naheem Jabbar (2009). Historiography and Writing Postcolonial India. Routledge. pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-1-134-01040-0.

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