Hapnyo

An hapnyo (Ingles: hafnium) iyo sarong elementong kimikal na may simbolong Hf asin atomikong bilang na 72. Sarong lustro, mala-pirak na gray, tetravalentong transisyong metal, an hapnyo kimikal na kaparehas kan sirkonyo asin iyo mahahanap sa nagkapirang mga sirkonyong mineral.

An eksistensya kaini iyo nahulaan ni Dmitri Mendeleev kaidtong 1869, alagad iyo dae pa naiidentipika hasta 1923, ni Coster asin Hevesy, na naghimo sa ini bilang an ikaduwang-huri na pusog na elementong nadiskobre (an panghuri iyo an renyo). An hapnyo iyo pigpangaran pakatapos kan Hafnia, an Latin na ngaran para sa Copenhagen, kun sain ini iyo nadiskobre.^[1]^[2]

Panluwas na takod

Hafnium sa Los Alamos National Laboratory's periodic table of the elements
Hafnium sa The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
Hafnium Technical & Safety Data
NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Hafnium, elemental
Don Clark: Intel Shifts from Silicon to Lift Chip Performance - WSJ, 2007
Hafnium-based Intel 45nm Process Technology
CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
https://colnect.com/en/coins/list/composition/168-Hafnium

Toltolan

↑ André Authier (2013). Early Days of X-ray Crystallography. OUP Oxford. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-19-163501-4.
↑ Knapp, Brian (2002). Francium to Polonium. Atlantic Europe Publishing Company, p. 10. ISBN 0717256774

Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini sa Siyensya. Makakatabang ka sa Bikol Wikipedia sa pagpoon kaining pahina.

[Authier2013-1] André Authier (2013). Early Days of X-ray Crystallography. OUP Oxford. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-19-163501-4.

[2] Knapp, Brian (2002). Francium to Polonium. Atlantic Europe Publishing Company, p. 10. ISBN 0717256774

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