Karna

Inilaladawan kan pagguhit an labanan kan Kurukshetra kan epiko nin Mahabharata. Si Karna, an kumander kan hukbong Kaurava na mahihiling igdi. An pagguhitay ginibo sa Himachal Pradesh o Jammu asin Kashmir na estado nin India asin opaque na watercolor sa tela.

Karna (Sanskrit: कर्ण, IAST Karṇa), midbid man sa ngaran na Vasusena, Anga-raja, asin Radheya, saro sa pangenot na propagandista kan epikong Hindu na Mahābhāna. Siya aki kan dios na saldang Surya asin prinsesa Kunti (ina kan mga Pandavas), asin sa siring sarong demigod of royal birth. Si Kunti na pinagkalooban nin biyaya na magkaaki noin sarong aki na may ninanais na mga banal na katangian poon sa mga diyos asin kan mayong gaanong kaaraman, inaapod ni Kunti an diyos kan saldang para kumpirmahon ini kun ini talaga totoo. Si Karna namundag sa hilom na paagi sa sarong dai pang agom na si Kunti kan sia tin - edyer, asin huli sa takot nin grabeng kaanggotan saka pagsuhay hale sa sosyedad huli sa pagbados kaini bago ikasal, mayo nang pagpipilian si Kiti kundi bayaan an bagong mamundag na Karina na nagpahunod sa basket sa Ganges, huling naglalaom ini na mas gusto niang palakopon an mga magurang. Nadiskubre basket, asin si Karna inampon saka pinadakula kan kag-ampon na mga magurang na Sūta nagngangaran Radha asin Adhiratha Nabandaanas. An propesyon sa karwahe asin poeta nagtatrabaho para ki hade Dhritarashtra.

Si Karna nagdakula na matibay na parapakilaban nin ekstraordinaryong mga abilidad, sarong may balaog na espiker asin nagin maimbod na katood ni Duryodhana. Ninombrahan siyang hade kan Anga (Bihar-Bengal) ni Duryodhana. Nagbali si Karna sa lado ni Duryodhana sa gerang Kurikshetra. sarong panginot parapakilaban na nag-angatang gadanon an ikatulong si Pandava Arjuna pero nagadan siya sa pakikipaglaban saiya kan giyera.

Siya makatristeng heroe sa Mahabharata, sa paagi na kaagid kan kategoriya literaryo ni Aristotle na "may depektong marhay na tao". Nabistado niya an saiyang biyolohikal na ina sa huri sa epiko, dangan nadiskubre kaini na siya an matuang tugang sa ama kan mga linalabanan niya. Si Karna simbolo nin saro na isinikwal kan mga maninigong mamoot sa saiya alagad dai nagtatao kan kamugtakan, pero nagigin tawong may pambihirang abilidad na andam na itao an saiyang pagkamoot asin buhay bilang maimbod na katood.] karakter niya sa epiko tanganing magpadakula asin matukar nin dakulang emosyonal asin dharma (duty, etika, moral) na mga kalimmas. saiyang istorya nagpasabong nin dakul na mga sekondaryong gibo, tula asin dramatikong drama sa tradisyon kan arte Hindu, taga India sagkod sur-subangan na Asya.

Etymolohiya Asin mga epithet

Si Karna inapod man na kadakul kan pangaran. An nagkapira sa sainda iyo an:

• An Vasusena - Orihinal na ngaran nin Karna, nangangahulogan "namundag sa kayamanan" mantang sia namundag na may natural na mga takyag asin engkilusyon.
• Suryaputra - Aki nin Skaya
• Radheya - aki ni Radha (Akinasal na ina nihina).
• Sutaputra - aki nin parakaruwahe.
• Angaraja- hade kan Anga.
• Daanaveera - saro na igwa nin daing kakayahan na pag-arte o sarong pambihirang munificente (generous) Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini.
• Vijayadhari- Maykwit nin sarong arko nagngangaran Vjaya na pigregalohan ni Lord Parashurama.
• Vaikartana - saro na para sa solar race (nadara sa Surya).
• Si Vrisha - saro na makatotoohan sa pagtaram asin inotob an saiyang mga promesa.

Mga kaapudan

An Karna (कर्ण) sarong tataramon na yaon sa literaturang Vedic, kun saen boot sabihon "an talinga", "chaff o hukô nin tipasi" o an "helm o timon". Sa saro pang konteksto, iyan nanonongod sa sarong sponde sa Sanskrit na prosody. Sa Mahabharata asin sa Puranas, ngaran ini nin sarong guerrerong karakter. Inapod na Vasusena na aki kan saiyang kag - ampon na mga magurang, namidbid sia sa ngaran na Kara huli sa bulawan na hikawero ni Surya na dati niang isinusulot, sono sa parasurat nin Sanskrit na si David Slavitt.

An tataramon na Karna, an sabi kan Indologo na si Kevin McGrath, nangangahulogan "may pagtubod, o may talingang saro"..Sa parteng 3.290.5 kan Mahapharata, si Karna sinasabing omboy na namundag dara an mga eard-ingshod asin may takyagg pangamak, arog kan saiyang ama na si Surya.

Si Karna sa laog kan karuwaheng naglalaban ki Ghatotkacha na nagtitindog laban sa mga kabayo, Kota, Rajasthan. An obrang ini - bilang Patung Satria Grotokaca-na makukua man harani sa aeropuertong Denpasar, Bali, Indonesya.

Bibliograpiya

 

• Adarkar, Aditya (2008). "Psychological Growth and Heroic Steadfastness in the Mahābhārata". In Sherma, Rita; Sharma, Arvind. Hermeneutics and Hindu Thought: Toward a Fusion of Horizons. Springer Netherlands. pp. 121–150. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8192-7_7. ISBN 978-1-4020-8191-0. 
• Adarkar, Aditya (2005). T. S. Rukmani, ed. The Mahabharata: What Is Not Here Is Nowhere Else. Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 978-8-1215-1130-8. 
• Adarkar, Aditya (2001). Karna in the Mahabharata. University of Chicago Press. OCLC 255075356. 
• Allen, Nicholas (1999). Bronkhorst, Johannes; Deshpande, Madhav, eds. Aryan and non-Aryan in South Asia. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-1-888789-04-1. 
• Bharne, Vinayak; Krusche, Krupali (2014). Rediscovering the Hindu Temple: The Sacred Architecture and Urbanism of India. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-6734-4. 
• Bhattacharya, Abheda Nanda (1992). Dharma-Adharma and Morality in Mahābhārata. S.S. Publishers. ISBN 978-81-85396-05-7. 
• Bhattacharya, Pradip (2006). "Reviewed Work: The Sanskrit Hero: Karṇa in Epic Mahābhārata by Kevin McGrath". International Journal of Hindu Studies (Springer) 10 (3). 
• Bowles, Adam (2006). Mahabharata: Karna, Volume 1. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9981-9. 
• Bowles, Adam (2008). Mahabharata: Karna, Volume 2. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9995-6. 
• Bowles, Adam (2007). Dharma, Disorder, and the Political in Ancient India: The Āpaddharmaparvan of the Mahābhārata. BRILL Academic. ISBN 978-90-04-15815-3. 
• Brockington, J. L. (1998). The Sanskrit Epics. Brill Academic. ISBN 90-04-10260-4. Retrieved 25 November 2013. 
• de Bruin, Hanne M.; Brakel-Papenyzen, Clara (1992). "The Death of Karna: Two Sides of a Story". Asian Theatre Journal (University of Hawai'i Press) 9 (1): 38. doi:10.2307/1124249. 
• Bryant, Edwin F. (2007). Krishna in the Mahabharata: The death of Karna, in Krishna: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-972431-4. 
• van Buitenen, J. A. B.; Fitzgerald, James L. (1973). The Mahabharata, Volume 1: Book 1: The Book of the Beginning. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-84663-7. 
• van Buitenen, J. A. B.; Fitzgerald, James L. (1975). The Mahabharata, Volume 2: Book 2, The Book of Assembly; Book 3: The Book of the Forest. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-84664-4. 
• Chakravarti, Bishnupada (2007). Penguin Companion to the Mahabharata. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-93-5214-170-8. 
• Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2013). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-96390-3. 
• Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6. 
• Das, Gurcharan (2010). The Difficulty of Being Good: On the Subtle Art of Dharma. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-977960-4. 
• Donaldson, Thomas E. (1987). Kamadeva's Pleasure Garden: Orissa. Advent. ISBN 978-81-7018-393-8. 
• Falk, Nancy (1977). "Draupadi and the Dharma". In Gross, Rita M. Beyond Androcentrism: New Essays on Women and Religion. Scholars Press. ISBN 978-0-89130-196-7. 
• Greer, Patricia M. (2002). Karna Within the Net of the Mahabharata. University of Virginia Press. OCLC 1049048537. 
• Hiltebeitel, Alf (2001). Rethinking the Mahabharata: A Reader's Guide to the Education of the Dharma King. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-34053-1. 
• Hiltebeitel, Alf (2011). Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-987524-5. 
• Ingalls, Daniel H. H. (1965). An anthology of Sanskrit court poetry: Vidyākara's "Subhāsiaratnakosa". Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674039506. 
• Johnson, W. J. (2009). "Karna". A Dictionary of Hinduism. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198610250.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-861025-0. 
• Johnson, W. J. (1998). The Sauptikaparvan of the Mahabharata: The Massacre at Night. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-282361-8. 
• Klostermaier, Klaus K. (1998). A concise encyclopedia of Hinduism. Oxford Oneworld. ISBN 978-1-85168-175-4. 
• Lemming, David (2005). "Karna". The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195156690.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-515669-0. 
• Manikutty, Sankaran (2012). "Why Should I Be Ethical? Some Answers from Mahabharata". Journal of Human Values (SAGE Publications) 18 (1): 19–32. doi:10.1177/097168581101800103. 
• Matilal, Bimal Krishna (2002). Ganeri, Janordon, ed. Ethics and Epics: The Collected Essays of Bimal Krishna Matilal. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-565511-7. 
• McGrath, Kevin (2004). The Sanskrit Hero: Karna in Epic Mahābhārata. Brill Academic. ISBN 90-04-13729-7. Retrieved 25 November 2013. 
• Mehendale, M. A. (2001). "Interpolations in the Mahabharata". Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute) 82 (1/4): 193–212. 
• Miller, Barbara Stoler (1985). "Karnabhara: The trial of Karna". Journal of South Asian Literature (Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University) 20 (1): 47–56. 
• Nandy, Ashis (2008). A Very Popular Exile. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-569322-5. 
• Sharma, Arvind (2007). Essays on the Mahābhārata. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-2738-7. 
• Shulman, David Dean (2014). The King and the Clown in South Indian Myth and Poetry. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-5775-3. 
• de Silva-Vigier, Anil; von Simson, Otto Georg (1964). "The Battle of the Mahabharata: Stone reliefs from the Temple of Angkor Vat, Cambodia 1113–1150". Man Through His Art: War and Peace. New York Graphic Society. 
• Slavitt, David (2015). Mahabharata. Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0-8101-3060-9. 
• Terrence, John Thomas (1995). "The Death of Karna". Theatre Journal 47 (1): 134. doi:10.2307/3208814. 
• Trikha, Pradeep (2006). Textuality and Inter-textuality in the Mahabharata: Myth, Meaning and Metamorphosis. Sarup & Sons. ISBN 978-81-7625-691-9. 
• Valmiki; Vyasa (2018-05-19). Delphi Collected Sanskrit Epics (Illustrated). Delphi Classics. ISBN 978-1-78656-128-2. 
• Winternitz, Maurice (1996). A History of Indian Literature, Volume 1. Motilal Banarsidass Publication. ISBN 81-208-0264-0. Retrieved 25 November 2013. 
• Woods, Julian F. (2014). Destiny and Human Initiative in the Mahabharata. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-9058-7. 
• Zarrilli, Phillip B. (2002). "Reviewed Works: Kattaikkuttu: The Flexibility of a South Indian Theatre Tradition by Hanne M. de Bruin; Karna's Death: A Play by Pukalentirrulavar by Pukalentirrulavar, Hanne M. de Bruin". Asian Theatre Journal (University of Hawai'i Press) 19 (1). doi:10.1353/atj.2002.0020. 

Panluwas na takod

• Mga relatibong gibo para sa The Mahabharata sa Wikisource