Medusa
Sa mitolohiyang Griyego, ang Medusa (/mɪˈdjuːzə, -sə/; Sinaunang Griyego: Μέδουσα, romanisado: Médousa, lit. 'guardian, protectress'), tinatawag ding Gorgo (Ancient Greek: Γοργώ) o ang Gorgon, saro sa tulong Gorgon . Si Medusa karaniwang inihahawig bilang sarong babae na may buhay na ahas sa saiyang buhok; ang saiyang hitsura naraot na ang siisay man na mag hiling sa saiya ga giging gapo. Si Medusa saka ang saiyang mga tugang na Gorgon na sinda Euryale asin Stheno na karaniwang inimumustra bilang mga aki nina Phorcys at Ceto; sa tatlo, si Medusa lang ang mortal.
Ang tolong Gorgon—Medusa, Stheno, saka Euryale—ang imimustra i nina Hesiod at Apollodorus bilang mga supling kan diyos-dagat na si Phorcys saka an saiyang tugang na si Ceto; [1]sigun ki Hyginus, ang saiyang mga magurang na "Gorgon" asin Ceto. Ang saindang mga kag arakian na ibang tugang na babayi, ang Graeae, arog kan sa Aeschylus's Prometheus Bound, na naglalaag sa mag kaibang tolong magturugang na harayo sa harayong kabisto sa pag kagadan ni Kisthene.
Harani sa sainda an tolo nindang tugang na babae, an mga Gorgon, naghirigbang nin may darang halas huli sa grabe kadakulang pagkaongis sa magagadanon na tawo[2]
Mantang an suanoy na Griegong mga vase-painter asin paragastos nag - imahinar sa Medusa asin sa saiyang mga tugang na babae bilang may pormang morostro, pinonan siang imahinaron kan mga eskultor asin plorera kan ikalimang siglo BC siring man sia kawilihan. Sa sarong ode na sinurat kan 490 BC, si Pindarnagtataram na nin "fair-cheeked Medusa".[3] Sa sarong huring bersyon kan osipon ni Medusa, kan Romanong poeta na si Ovid,[4] Si Moduda orihinal na magayon na daraga, alagad kan an Neptunean katumbas sa Roma kan Griegong Poseidon) kinakapotan nin agom nia sa templo ni Minerva (si Minerva iyo an katimbang kan mga halas na Roman kan Griegong Atena),[5] pinadusahan ni Minaverva si Foda paagi sa paggibo kan saiyang magagayon na buhok na magin makatatakot na marhay na mga halas. Minsan ngani mayo nin nasambitan na naenot na mga bersion, an suanoy na paglaladawan sa Medusa bilang magayon na daraga imbes na makatatakot na paramonera patienot nang itinalaga si Ovid. Sa klasikong arte sa Griego, an paglaladawan ki Medusa buminalyo hale sa magayon na hayop pasiring sa sarong nakaaakit na hoben na babae, kapwa gagressor asin biktima, nin makaturotristeng tawo kan sia magadan.[12] An kaenot - enote sa mga paglaladawan na iyan iyo an kortesiya ni Polygnoto, na nagparani ki Medusa bilang babaeng magayon natotorog nin matoninong mantang si Perseus pinugotan sia.[12][13] Mantang an akto nin paggadan sa sarong magayon na daragang torogan nia medyo bakong teokratiko, malinaw kun baga katuyohan kan mga minababa tanganing pukawon an simpatiya para sa kapaladan ni Medusa, o olog - ologon an tradisyonal na eroe.[14]
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Mga arma sa baryo ninDohalice, DistgaroHradec Králové,Czech Republic -
Dro nin Sicily -
Seremonyaal na Pranses a gara militar na paha saGuerra Mundal I -
Ang iimahen ni Medusa sartong masaysan na karikang Paghade ay Teror dur duranteRebolusyon na mga Prano
- Acanthemblemaria medusa Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974
- Apodochondria medusae Ho & Dojiri 1988
- Archimonocelis medusa Curini-Galletti & Cannon 1997
- Atractus medusa Passos et al. 2009[6]
- Australomedusa Russell 1970
- Boeromedusa Bouillon 1995
- Bothrops medusa Sternfeld 1920[6]
- Caput medusae
- Cardiodectes medusaeus Wilson C.B. 1908
- Chama oomedusae Matsukuma 1996
- Cirratulus medusa Johnston 1833
- Coronamedusae
- Csiromedusa Gershwin & Zeidler 2010
- Csiromedusa medeopolis Gershwin & Zeidler 2010
- Discomedusa lobata Claus 1877
- Discomedusae
- Eustomias medusa Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon 1983
- Gorgonocephalus caputmedusae L. 1758
- Gyrocotyle medusarum von Linstow 1903 (taxon inquirendum)
- Halimedusa Bigelow 1916
- Halimedusa typus Bigelow 1916
- Heteronema medusae Skvortzov 1957
- Hoplopleon medusarum K.H. Barnard 1932
- Hyperia medusarum Müller 1776
- Hyperoche medusarum Krøyer 1838
- Leptogorgia medusa Bayer 1952
- Lilyopsis medusa Metschnikoff & Metschnikoff 1871
- Limnomedusae
- Loimia medusa Savigny in Lamarck 1818
- Loimia medusa angustescutata Willey 1905
- Lulworthia medusa (Ellis & Everh.) Cribb & J.W. Cribb 1955
- Lulworthia medusa var. biscaynia Meyers 1957
- Lulworthia medusa var. medusa (Ellis & Everh.) Cribb & J.W. Cribb 1955
- Magnippe caputmedusae Stock 1978
- Medusa Loureiro 1790
- Medusablennius Springer 1966
- Medusaceratops Ryan, Russell & Hartman 2010
- Medusafissurella McLean & Kilburn 1986
- Medusafissurella chemnitzii G. B. Sowerby I 1835
- Medusafissurella dubia Reeve 1849
- Medusafissurella melvilli G. B. Sowerby III 1882
- Medusafissurella salebrosa Reeve 1850
- Mesacanthoides caputmedusae (Ditlevsen 1918) Wieser 1959
- Myxaster medusa Fisher 1913
- Narcomedusae
- Ophioplinthus medusa Lyman 1878
- Phallomedusa Golding, Ponder & Byrne 2007
- Phallomedusa austrina Golding, Ponder & Byrne 2007
- Phallomedusa solida Martens 1878
- Phascolion medusae Cutler & Cutler 1980
- Philomedusa
- Philomedusa vogtii Müller 1860
- Polycirrus medusa Grube 1850
- Polycirrus medusa sakhalinensis Buzhinskaja 1988
- Sarcomella medusa Schmidt 1868
- Stauromedusae
- Stellamedusa Raskoff & Matsumoto 2004
- Stellamedusa ventana Raskoff & Matsumoto 2004
- Stygiomedusa Russell 1959
- Stygiomedusa gigantea Browne 1910
- Thylacodes medusae Pilsbry 1891
- Trachymedusae
Modernong mga interpretasyon
[baguhon | baguhon an source]Historiko
[baguhon | baguhon an source]
An nagkapirang naenot na mga iskolar sa klasiko ininterpretar an osipon ni Medusa bilang quasi-historikal - "sebladod o pigsulat gikan sa sarong pangyayari, kaugalian, istilo, asin iba pa, kan nakaagi", o "surupot" na memorya nin aktuwal na pagsakyada.[7][8]
Toltolan
[baguhon | baguhon an source]- ↑ Hesiod, Theogony http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:270-303 270–7]; Apollodorus, 1.2.6.
- ↑ Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 793–799; Edited and Translated by Alan H. Sommerstein.
- ↑ (Pythian Ode 12).
- ↑ Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.794–803.
- ↑ Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.798: "the Sovereign of the Sea attained her love in chaste Minerva's temple" (Brookes More translation) or "in Minerva’s temple Neptune, lord of the Ocean, ravished her" (Frank Justus Miller translation, as revised by G. P. Goold) Whether Ovid means that Medusa was a willing participant is unclear.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). "Medusa", p. 175 in The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5.
- ↑ Graves, Robert (1955). The Greek Myths. Penguin Books. pp. 17, 244. ISBN 0241952743.
A large part of Greek myth is politico-religious history. Bellerophon masters winged Pegasus and kills the Chimaera. Perseus, in a variant of the same legend, flies through the air and beheads Pegasus's mother, the Gorgon Medusa; much as Marduk, a Babylonian hero, kills the she-monster Tiamat, Goddess of the Seal. Perseus's name should properly be spelled Perseus, 'the destroyer'; and he was not, as Professor Kerenyi has suggested, an archetypal Death-figure but, probably, represented the patriarchal Hellenes who invaded Greece and Asia Minor early in the second millennium BC, and challenged the power of the Triple-goddess. Pegasus had been sacred to her because the horse with its moon-shaped hooves figured in the rain-making ceremonies and the installment of sacred kings; his wings were symbolical of a celestial nature, rather than speed.
Jane Harrison has pointed out (Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion) that Medusa was once the goddess herself, hiding behind a prophylactic Gorgon mask: a hideous face intended to warn the profane against trespassing on her Mysteries. Perseus beheads Medusa: that is, the Hellenes overran the goddess's chief shrines, stripped her priestesses of their Gorgon masks, and took possession of the sacred horses—an early representation of the goddess with a Gorgon's head and a mare's body has been found in Boeotia. Bellerophon, Perseus's double, kills the Lycian Chimaera: that is, the Hellenes annulled the ancient Medusan calendar, and replaced it with another. - ↑ Ellen Harrison, Jane (June 5, 1991) [1908]. Prolegomena: To The Study Of Greek Religion. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 187–188. ISBN 0691015147.
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An istoryang Medusa piginterpretar man sa kontemporaryong arte bilang sarong klasikong kaso nin panlulugos-victiptismo, kan diyosesis. Pig-iinpikar kan paghirong #meto, kontemporaryong piguratibong pintor na si Judy Takács nagbalik an gayon ni Medusa kaiba nin hashtag stigmata sa saiyang por pintura, #Me (duda) man.[1]
Roma:
Mga Bandera asin emblema
[baguhon | baguhon an source]Tinatampok pamayo kan Medusa sa pirang mga rehiyonal na simbolo. An sarong halimbawa iyo an sa bandera asin emblem kan Sicily, kairiba an tolong-legidong trinacria.An kaibahan kan Medusa sa sentro minapirma kan proteksyon kan diyos na si Atena, na nagsulot kan pagkaarog ni Gorgon sa saiyang aeges, siring kan sinabi sa itaas. An saro pang halimbawa iyo an gubing nin baryong Dohalicesa Republikang Czech Republic.
An Medusa tinatawan nin onra sa minasunod na sientipikong mga ngaran:[2]
Sa popular na kultura
[baguhon | baguhon an source]Mga pinaghalian
[baguhon | baguhon an source]Pangenot na mga reperensia sa osipon
[baguhon | baguhon an source]Griego:
- Hesiod, Theogony, 270 (text)
- Apolodoro, The Library, libro II, parte v, no. 2-3 (text)
- Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, 790-801 (dresst)
Roma:
- Ovid, Metamorphos iv. Metamoposes v. 774-785, se90-801 (dresst)
Naliwat
[baguhon | baguhon an source]Griego:
- Homer, The Ilid, Book 5, fer 741 (tekstotekstoteksto 348 (ext); librong 11,pia 36 (dressxt)
- Homer, The Odyssey, Libro 11, linyang 635 (tekst)
- Euripides, Ion, linya 1003-1023 (dresst)
- Apolonio Rhodius, Argonautica, libro 4, linya 1515 (text)
- Publius "Virgil" Maro, Ateneo vi.289 (text)
- Lucan, The Civil War, libro ix.624-684. (teksto)
- Valerisiu Flacus, Argonautica
Hilingon pa
[baguhon | baguhon an source]- ↑ Takács, Judy (September 30, 2018). "#Me(dusa)too". chickswithballsjudytakacs.blogspot.com. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
- ↑ WoRMS Editorial Board (2017).