Tataramon na Bai

Bai
	白语, Báiyǔ
	Baip‧ngvp‧zix
Subong sa	Yunnan, Tsina
Subong	Bai
Subong na mga parataram	1.3 million (2003)
Pamilya nin Tataramon	Sino-Tibetano Sinitiko? Mas pinadakula na Bai? Bai; ; ;
Mga Diyalekto	Jianchuan-Dali; Panyi–Lama;
Mga kodigo nin tataramon
ISO 639-3	Manlaen-laen:; bca – Katahawan na Bai, diyalektong Jianchuan m; bfs – Kahabagatan na Bai, diyalektong Dali; bfc – Panyi Bai; lay – Lama Bai
ISO 639-6	bicr
Glotologo	baic1239

Dai ini ikaribong sa Tataramon na Bai (Habagatan na Sudan) o sa Tataramon na Enets.

An tataramon na Bai (Bai: Baip‧ngvp‧zix; simplified Chinese: 白语; traditional Chinese: 白語; pinyin: Báiyǔ) sarong tataramon na ipigtataram sa Tsina, panginot sa Probinsya nin Yunnan, kan mga Bai. An tataramon igwa nin lagpas sa sarong milyong parataram asin nababanga sa tolo o apat na panginot na diyalekto. Parating bukas an mga pantig kan Bai, na igwang kadakol na linyada nin mga patanog asin walong tono.

An pinaghalian kan ng Bai, natakupan kan masinsinang impluwensyang Intsik sa halabang panahon. Isinuhesyon kan manlainlain na iskolar na ini sarong amay na tangkay o tugang na tataramon kan Intsik na parte kan angkay nin Loloish o sarong suway na tataramon sa irarom kan pamilya nin Sino-Tibetano.

Mga barayti

Tataramon na Bai (Kinában)

Binanga ninda Xu asin Zhao (1984) an Bai sa tolong diyalekto, na pwedeng aktwal na magkakalain na mga tataramon: Jianchuan (Sentral), Dali (Kahabagatan) asin Bijiang (Kaamihanan).^[3] Niribayan nin pangaran an Bijiang County bilang Lushui County.^[4] Haraning magkamag-anak an Jianchuan asin Dali asin ipigbareta an mga nagtataram na magkakasinabutan sa lambang saro pagkatapos kan pag-iiribahan sa laog kan sarong bulan.

An urog na magkakalain na mga diyalekto sa Amihanan, ipigtataram nin dai masobra sa 15,000 Laemae (lɛ21 mɛ21, Lemei, Lama), sarong angkan na may bilang na 50,000 katawo na bahagyang nalubog sa laog kan Lisu^[5] Ipigtataram an mga ini sa ngunyan bilang duwang tataramon kan ISO 639-3:

Panyi, pigtataram kan mga tawo na inaapod na Lemo (勒墨) sa Salog Nu (sa itaas kan Salween) sa Lushui County.^[6]^[7]
Lama, ipinagtataram kan mga tawong inaapod na Lama (拉玛) sa Salog Lancang (sa itaas kan Mekong) sa Lanping County asin Weixi County.^[6]^[8]^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Nagtao si Wang Feng (2012)^[9] nin mga minasunod na mga pagtitipo para sa siyam na mga diyalekto:

Bai

Kasulnopan
- Gongxing (共兴), Lanping County
- ( panginot na sangay)
  - Enqi (恩棋), Lanping County; Jinman (金满), Lushui County
  - Tuoluo (妥洛), Weixi County
  - Ega (俄嘎), Lushui County
Kasubangan
- Mazhelong (马者龙), Qiubei County
- (panginot na sangay)
  - Jinxing (金星), Jianchuan County
  - Dashi (大石), Heqing County
  - Zhoucheng (周城), Syudad nin Dali

Pigdokumento man ni Wang (2012)^[10] an sarong diyalektong Bai sa Xicun, Dacun Village, Shalang Township, Syudad nin Kunming (昆明市沙朗乡大村西村).^[11]

Iskriturang Bowen

Iskriturang Bowen (Chinese: 僰文; pinyin: bówén), na midbid man sa Iskriturang Kwadradong Square Bai (Chinese: 方块白文), Iskriturang Hanzi Bai (simplified Chinese: 汉字白文; traditional Chinese: 漢字白文), Iskriturang estilong Hanzi na Bai (simplified Chinese: 汉字型白文; traditional Chinese: 漢字型白文), o Suanoy na Iskriturang Bai (Chinese: 古白文), sarong iskriturang logograpiko na kaidto piggagamit kan mga tawong Bai, pigangkop gikan sa Hanzi tanganing magsakto sa tataramon na Bai.^[12] Piggagamit an iskritura na iin kan panahon nin Nanzhao sagkod sa kapinunan kan Dinastiyang Ming.^[13]

An Shanhua tablet (山花碑), gikan Dali Town sa Yunnan, naglalaog nin mga rawit dawit na nakasurat gamit an tekstong Bowen text hali sa Dinastiyang Ming kan pararawit na Bai na si Yang fu (杨黼),^[14] 《詞記山花·詠蒼洱境》.^[15]

Mga halimbawa

Nge, no - Ako
Ne, no - Ika

Cai ho - Pulang manok
Gei bo - Tandang
A de gei bo - sarong Tandang

Ne mian e ain hain? - Anong pangaran mo?
Ngo mian e A Lu Gai. - An pangaran ko iyo si A Lu Gai.
Ngo ze ne san se yin a biu. - dai taka bistado.

Ngo ye can. - Nagkakakan ako.
Ne can ye la ma? - Nagkakan kana?
Ne ze a ma yin? - Siisay ka?
Ne ze nge mo a bio. - Bako ika an sakong ina
Ngo zei pi ne gan. - Mas halangkaw ako saimo.
Ne nge no hha si bei. - Dai mo ako papabuhian.

Mga tala

↑ Sagkod sa ika-16 na edisyon kan Ethnologue (2009), an kodigong ISO 639-3 lay iyo an itinalaga sa "Lama (Myanmar)", na nakalista sa index kan mga tataramon ni C. F. Voegelin asin F. M. Voegelin (1977) bilang sarong tataramon na Nungish kan Myanmar. Kadtong 2013 an reperensiya na pangaran para sa kodigo, niribayan nin "Bai, Lama".^[8]

Mga gunuan

↑ Katahawan na Bai, diyalektong Jianchuan m sa Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Kahabagatan na Bai, diyalektong Dali sa Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Panyi Bai sa Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Lama Bai sa Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
↑ Ramsey 1987, p. 290.
↑ Wang 2006, p. 115.
↑ Allen 2007, p. 6.
↑ Bradley 2007, pp. 363, 393–394.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Wang 2006, p. 31.
↑ Johnson, Eric (2013). "Change Request Documentation: 2013-006". ISO 639-3 Registration Authority.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Johnson, Eric (2013). "Change Request Documentation: 2013-007". ISO 639-3 Registration Authority.
↑ Wang Feng [汪锋]. (2012). Language Contact and Language Comparison: The Case of Bai [语言接触与语言比较:以白语为例 ]. Beijing: Commercial Press [商务印书馆]. 92–94
↑ Wang Feng [王锋]. 2012. A study of the Bai language of Shalang [昆明西山沙朗白语研究]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Academy Press p中国社会科学出版社].
↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2016-10-10. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
↑ "方块白文简介及字符集". 中国少数民族文字数据库. Archived from the original on 2006-05-24. Retrieved 2008-11-18. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ 赵衍荪 (1987). "白文(中国民族古文字)" (in zh). 中国民族古文字. http://103.247.176.245/iea/acaddetail-5560.htm.
↑ 徐琳; 赵衍荪 (1980). "白文《山花碑》释读" (in zh). 民族语文 (3): 50–57. Archived from the original on 2021-11-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20211112065248/https://www.ixueshu.com/document/cf576742b2e4e935affa268083b8c420318947a18e7f9386.html. Retrieved on 2021-11-12.
↑ 杨政业 (April 1997) (in zh). 论"白（僰）文"的形态演化及其使用范围. 大理学院学报（社会科学版）. Archived from the original on 2019-06-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20190606133927/http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1997-DLSZ199704016.htm. Retrieved on 2008-11-18.

Pigsambit na mga gibo

Allen, Bryan (2007). Bai Dialect Survey (PDF) (Report). SIL Electronic Survey Report. 2007-012. SIL International. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2015-01-30. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
Bradley, David (2007). "East and Southeast Asia". In Moseley, Christopher. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. Routledge. pp. 349–422. ISBN 978-0-7007-1197-0.
Gong, Xun (2015). "How Old is the Chinese in Bái? Reexamining Sino-Bái under the Baxter-Sagart reconstruction" (PDF). Recent Advances in Old Chinese Historical Phonology Workshop. London: SOAS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
Lee, Yeon-ju; Sagart, Laurent (1998). "The strata of Bai". 31st ICSTLL. University of Lund, Sweden.
Lee, Yeon-Ju; Sagart, Laurent (2008). "No limits to borrowing: The case of Bai and Chinese". Diachronica 25 (3): 357–385. doi:10.1075/dia.25.3.03yeo. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00781005.
List, Johann-Mattis (2009). How Basic is Basic Vocabulary? The Problematic Case of Bai (PDF). Evolution and Classification in Biology, Linguistics and the History of Science, Heinrich Heine University, June 11–12, 2009.
Matisoff, James A. (2001). "On the genetic position of Bai within Tibeto-Burman" (PDF). 34th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan languages and linguistics. Yunnan minzu xueyuan.
Norman, Jerry (2003). "The Chinese dialects: phonology". In Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. The Sino-Tibetan languages. Routledge. pp. 72–83. ISBN 978-0-7007-1129-1.
Ramsey, S. Robert (1987). The Languages of China. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5.
Starostin, Sergej (1995). "The historical position of Bai". Moskovskij Lingvisticheskij Zhurnal 1: 174–190. http://starling.rinet.ru/Texts/bai.pdf.
Wang, Feng (2004). "Language policy for Bai". In Zhou, Minglang. Language policy in the People's Republic of China: Theory and practice since 1949. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 278–287. ISBN 978-1-4020-8038-8.
Wang, Feng (2005). "On the genetic position of the Bai language". Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 34 (1): 101–127. doi:10.3406/clao.2005.1728.
——— (2006). Comparison of languages in contact: the distillation method and the case of Bai. Language and Linguistics Monograph Series B: Frontiers in Linguistics III. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica. ISBN 978-986-00-5228-2. Archived from the original on 2021-07-30. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
Wiersma, Grace Claire (1990). A study of the Bai (Minjia) language along historical lines (PhD thesis). University of California at Berkeley. OCLC 31052150.
——— (2003). "Yunnan Bai". In Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. The Sino-Tibetan languages. Routledge. pp. 651–673. ISBN 978-0-7007-1129-1.
Zhou, Minglang (2012). Multilingualism in China: The Politics of Writing Reforms for Minority Languages 1949–2002. de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-092459-6.

Mababasa pa lalo

Allen, Bryan and Zhang Xia. 2004. Bai Dialect Survey. Yunnan Nationalities Publishing House. ISBN 7-5367-2967-7. CLDF Dataset at Zenodo: doi:10.5281/zenodo.3534931.
Edmondson, Jerold A.; Li, Shaoni. "Voice quality and voice quality change in the Bai language of Yunnan Province". Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 17 (2): 49–68. http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/edmondson1994voice.pdf.
Wāng, Fēng. 2013. Báiyǔ yǔ báizú de liúbiàn: Duōjiǎodù jiéhé de shìyě 白語與白族的流變：多角度結合的視野. In Fēng Shí and Gāng Péng, editors, Dàjiāng Dōngqù: Wāng Shìyuán Jiàoshòu Bāshísuì Hèshòu Wénjí. 大江東去：王士元教授八十歲賀壽文集. City University of Hong Kong Press.
Xú, Lín and Yǎnsūn Zhào. 1984. Báiyǔ Jiǎnzhì 白语简志. Mínzú Chūbǎnshè.
Yuán, Míngjūn. 2006. Hànbáiyǔ diàochá yánjiū 汉白语调查研究. Zhōngguó Wénshǐ Chūbǎnshè.
Zhào, Yǎnsūn and Lín Xú. 1996. Bái-Hàn Cídiǎn 白汉词典. Sìchuān Mínzú Chūbǎnshè.
Dali Prefecture Bai Cultural Studies Editorical Committee [大理白族自治洲白族文化研究所编]. 2008. Dali series: Bai language, vol. 3: Vocabulary of the dialects of the Bai people [大理丛书·白语篇卷3 白族方言词汇]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南民族出版社]. ISBN 9787536738799 [Contains word lists of 33 Bai language datapoints.]

Mga panluwas na takod

Bai basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

Plantilya:Mga tataramon kan Tsina Plantilya:Mga sanga kan Sino-Tibetano

[9] Sagkod sa ika-16 na edisyon kan Ethnologue (2009), an kodigong ISO 639-3 lay iyo an itinalaga sa "Lama (Myanmar)", na nakalista sa index kan mga tataramon ni C. F. Voegelin asin F. M. Voegelin (1977) bilang sarong tataramon na Nungish kan Myanmar. Kadtong 2013 an reperensiya na pangaran para sa kodigo, niribayan nin "Bai, Lama".^[8]

[e18-1] Katahawan na Bai, diyalektong Jianchuan m sa Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Kahabagatan na Bai, diyalektong Dali sa Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Panyi Bai sa Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Lama Bai sa Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[FOOTNOTERamsey1987290-2] Ramsey 1987, p. 290.

[FOOTNOTEWang2006115-3] Wang 2006, p. 115.

[FOOTNOTEAllen20076-4] Allen 2007, p. 6.

[FOOTNOTEBradley2007363,_393–394-5] Bradley 2007, pp. 363, 393–394.

[FOOTNOTEWang200631-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Wang 2006, p. 31.

[7] Johnson, Eric (2013). "Change Request Documentation: 2013-006". ISO 639-3 Registration Authority.

[change_request-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Johnson, Eric (2013). "Change Request Documentation: 2013-007". ISO 639-3 Registration Authority.

[Wang2012-10] Wang Feng [汪锋]. (2012). Language Contact and Language Comparison: The Case of Bai [语言接触与语言比较:以白语为例 ]. Beijing: Commercial Press [商务印书馆]. 92–94

[11] Wang Feng [王锋]. 2012. A study of the Bai language of Shalang [昆明西山沙朗白语研究]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Academy Press p中国社会科学出版社].

[12] "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2016-10-10. Retrieved 2021-11-12.

[13] "方块白文简介及字符集". 中国少数民族文字数据库. Archived from the original on 2006-05-24. Retrieved 2008-11-18. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[14] 赵衍荪 (1987). "白文(中国民族古文字)" (in zh). 中国民族古文字. http://103.247.176.245/iea/acaddetail-5560.htm.

[15] 徐琳; 赵衍荪 (1980). "白文《山花碑》释读" (in zh). 民族语文 (3): 50–57. Archived from the original on 2021-11-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20211112065248/https://www.ixueshu.com/document/cf576742b2e4e935affa268083b8c420318947a18e7f9386.html. Retrieved on 2021-11-12.

[杨政业-16] 杨政业 (April 1997) (in zh). 论"白（僰）文"的形态演化及其使用范围. 大理学院学报（社会科学版）. Archived from the original on 2019-06-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20190606133927/http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1997-DLSZ199704016.htm. Retrieved on 2008-11-18.

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