Mga tawong Dayak

Mga tawong Dayak
	Sarong sub-etnikong grupo kan mga tawo nin Dayak, Iban o Dagat Dajak na lalaki asin babaye sa pantradisyunal na pagbabado.
Kabilugan na populasyon
	5.9 milyon
Mga rehiyong igwang importanteng mga bilang
	Borneo:
Mga tataramon
	Mga tataramon na Dayak, Indones, Ingles, Malay (Malayo na Sarawak)
Pagtubod/Debusyon
	Kristianismo, Kaharingan (Pighalong Hindu-Animismo) asin Islam

An Dayak /ˈdaɪ.ək/ o Dyak o Dayuh iyo an mga natibong tawo kan Borneo.^[3] Saro ining maluwag na termino para sa abot sa 200 mga subgrupo na etniko sa salog asin burol, na madudugangan sa tahaw asin sur na interyor kan Borneo, lambang saro igwang sadiring diyalektos, kaugalian, ley, teritoryo asin kultura, dawa madaliong mabisto an mga pangparating tanging katangian. Pigkategorya an mga tataramon na Dayak bilan parte kan mga tataramon na Austronesyo sa Asya. Mga animista an Dayak sa pagtubod; alagad, maraming napagbagong-loob sa Islam dangan poon pa kan ika-19 na siglo nagkaigwa nin dakulang pagbabalik-loob sa Kristiyanismo.^[4]

Uusipon

Ladawan:Dayak Sociolinguistic groups.jpg

An mapa kan sosyolinguwistikong Dayak na piglaladawan sa paagi kan Tjilik Riwut kadtong 1954, na nagbanga sa mga grupo kan Dayak sa Ngaju, Apu Kayan, Iban, Klemantan, Murut, Punan asin Ot Danum.

an mga tawo nin Dayak kan Borneo, igwang kuwenta kan saindang historiya, kadaklan sa paagi kan oral na literatura,^[5] na bahagyang nakasurat sa papan turai (kahoy na listahan),^[6] asin iba pa sa pangparating kaugalian kan kultura. .^[7]Kaayon sa mga bistong account kan ginikanan kan mga tawo nin Dayak iyo an mitikal na epikong oral na "Tetek Tahtum" kan mga Dayak Ngaju sa Sentral Kalimantan; Pigsasabi kaini na an mga ninuno kan mga Dayak gikan hale sa kalangitan bago lumipat gikan sa panloob hasta sa mga salog kan Borneo.

Kuminarap sa Sur na Kalimatan an talingkas na estado kan Nansarunai, na pigtugdas kan mga Ma'anyan Dayak bago an ika-12 siglo.^[8] Nagdusa an kahadean nin duwang panginot na pag-atake gikan sa mga puwersa kan Majapahit na nagin resulta kan pagdalihig dangan pagbagsak kan kahadean kadtong taong 1389; bisto an mga pag-atake bilang Nansarunai Usak Jawa (na boot sabihon "an pagkagaba kan Nansarunai kan mga Habanes") sa mga oral na mga salaysay kan mga tawong Ma'anyan. Nagkontribuwer an mga pag-atakeng ini sa paglipat kan mga Ma'anyan sa rehiyon kan Sentral asin Sur na Borneo.

Lahi

Pigmukna an terminong Dayak kan mga taga-Europa na minauyon sa mga bakong-Malayo dangan bakong-Muslim na nag-eerok sa sentral asin sur na Borneo. Igwang pitong pangebot na etnikong dibisyon nin mga Dayak sosog sa sara-saindang katutubong tataramon na:

1. Ngaju
2. Apo Kayan (parte kan saindang mga grupong sub-etniko bisto bilang Orang Ulu kaiba an iba pang sararadit na grupo kan mga grupong Dayak sa Malaysia)
3. Iban o Hiban (Sea Dayak)
4. Bidayuh (Kadagaang Dayak) o Klemantan
5. Murut
6. Punan
7. Ot Danum

Sa irarom kan mga pangenot na klasipikasyon, igwang mga dose-dosenang mga etniko asin ribu-ribong mga nag-eerok na sub-etniko sa isla kan Borneo. Igwang abot sa 50 grupo nin Dayak na nagtataram nin manlaen-laen na mga tataramon. An pagkakaiba-iba kan kultura asintataramon kaini kaarog kan halangkaw na biodibersidad asin kasugnay na tradisyunal na kaaraman manongod sa Borneo.

Mga tataramon

Dae nagtataraman nin sarong lang na tataramon an mga Dayak, dawa na pigkokonsiderar an mga nasa isla kan Borneo (Kalimantan). ^[9] Kabali an saindang katutubong sa pangkagabsan na pag-kakategorya kan mga tataramon na Malayo-Polinesyo asin sa magkakaibang grupo kan mga Borneano dangan mga tataramon na Sabahano (kabale an Kadagáang Dayak, dangan an mga tataramon na Ibaniko kan sanga nin Malayiko.^[10]^[11] Bilinguwal an kadaklann sa mga Dayak ngunyan, bilang kadagdagan sa saindang katutubong tataramon, maurag na dalubhasa sinda sa Malay o Indones, depende sa saindang nasyon na ginikanan.

Kadakol sa mga tataramon kan Borneo, endemiko (na boot na an mga ini dae pigtataram miski saen man). Pigtatantya na an manongod sa 170 na tataramon asin diyalektos an pigtataram sa isla dangan an pira sa paagi lang kan pirang ribong tawo, kaya saróng dakulang malubhang panganib sa puturo kan mga tataramon na ini asin kasugnay na pamana.

Mga Toltolan

↑ Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 [Citizenship, Ethnicity, Religion and Language Everyday, Indonesian Population Census 2010] (in Indonesian). Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. 2011. ISBN 978-979-064-417-5.
↑ "East & Southeast Asia: Brunei". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
↑ "Report for ISO 639 code: day". Ethnologue: Countries of the World. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007.
↑ Chalmers, Ian (2006). "The Dynamics of Conversion: the Islamisation of the Dayak peoples of Central Kalimantan" (PDF). Asian Studies Association of Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
↑ Osup, Chemaline Anak (2006). "Puisi Rakyat Iban - Satu Analisis: Bentuk Dan Fungsi" [Iban Folk Poetry - An Analysis: Form and Function] (PDF). University of Science, Malaysia (in Indonesian).
↑ "Use of Papan Turai by Iban". Ibanology (in Indonesian). 29 May 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
↑ Mawar, Gregory Nyanggau (21 June 2006). "Gawai". Iban Cultural Heritage. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
↑ "Kerajaan Nan Sarunai". Melayu Online (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2018-09-25.
↑ Avé, J. B. (1972). "Kalimantan Dyaks". In LeBar, Frank M. Ethnic Groups of Insular Southeast Asia, Volume 1: Indonesia, Andaman Islands, and Madagascar. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files Press. pp. 185–187. ISBN 978-0-87536-403-2.
↑ Adelaar, K. Alexander (1995). "Borneo as a cross-roads for comparative Austronesian linguistics". The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives (Canberra, Australia: Department of Anthropology, The Australian National University): 81–102. ISBN 1-920942-85-8. Archived from the original on 29 June 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140629211758/http://press.anu.edu.au/austronesians/austronesians/pdf/austronesians-whole.pdf.
↑ See the language list at "Borneo Languages: Languages of Kalimantan, Indonesia and East Malaysia". Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV). Archived from the original on 9 February 2012.

Mababasa pa lalo

Victor T King, Essays on Bornean Societies (Hull/Oxford, 1978).
Benedict Sandin, The Sea-Dayaks of Borneo before White Rajah Rule (London 1967).
Eric Hansen, Stranger in the Forest: On Foot Across Borneo, (Penguin, 1988), ISBN 0-375-72495-8.
Hans Scharer, Ngaju Religion: The Conception of God among a South Borneo People; translated by Rodney Needham (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1963).
Norma Youngberg, The Queen's Gold (TEACH Services, 2000)
Judith M. Heimann, The Airmen and the Headhunters: A True Story of Lost Soldiers, Heroic Tribesmen and the Unlikeliest Rescue of World War II, (Harcourt, 2007), ISBN 978-0-15-101434-7
Jean Yves Domalain, Panjamon: I Was a Headhunter, (Publisher: William Morrow, January 1973), ISBN 0-688-00143-2, ISBN 978-0-688-00143-8
Peter Goullart, River of the White Lily, (London, John Murray, 1965), ISBN 0-7195-0542-9
Raymond Corbey. Of jars and gongs: Two keys to Ot Danum Dayak cosmology (Leiden: Zwartenkot Art Books 2016)
Syamsuddin Haris. Desentralisasi dan otonomi daerah: desentralisasi, demokratisasi & akuntabilitas pemerintahan daerah (Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2005 )

Mga Panluwas na Takod

Tribal peoples are fighting huge hydro-electric projects that are carving up the island's rainforest Archived 2010-06-05 at the Wayback Machine.
The J. Arthur and Edna Mouw papers at the Hoover Institution Archives focuses on the interaction of Christian missionaries with Dayak people in Borneo.
The Airmen and the Headhunters Documentary produced by the PBS Series Secrets of the Dead
Dayak-culture: pictures and videos Archived 2012-03-18 at the Wayback Machine.

[1] Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 [Citizenship, Ethnicity, Religion and Language Everyday, Indonesian Population Census 2010] (in Indonesian). Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. 2011. ISBN 978-979-064-417-5.

[2] "East & Southeast Asia: Brunei". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2016.

[3] "Report for ISO 639 code: day". Ethnologue: Countries of the World. Archived from the original on 1 October 2007.

[4] Chalmers, Ian (2006). "The Dynamics of Conversion: the Islamisation of the Dayak peoples of Central Kalimantan" (PDF). Asian Studies Association of Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2016.

[5] Osup, Chemaline Anak (2006). "Puisi Rakyat Iban - Satu Analisis: Bentuk Dan Fungsi" [Iban Folk Poetry - An Analysis: Form and Function] (PDF). University of Science, Malaysia (in Indonesian).

[6] "Use of Papan Turai by Iban". Ibanology (in Indonesian). 29 May 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2016.

[7] Mawar, Gregory Nyanggau (21 June 2006). "Gawai". Iban Cultural Heritage. Retrieved 3 December 2016.

[8] "Kerajaan Nan Sarunai". Melayu Online (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2018-09-25.

[Ave-9] Avé, J. B. (1972). "Kalimantan Dyaks". In LeBar, Frank M. Ethnic Groups of Insular Southeast Asia, Volume 1: Indonesia, Andaman Islands, and Madagascar. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files Press. pp. 185–187. ISBN 978-0-87536-403-2.

[10] Adelaar, K. Alexander (1995). "Borneo as a cross-roads for comparative Austronesian linguistics". The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives (Canberra, Australia: Department of Anthropology, The Australian National University): 81–102. ISBN 1-920942-85-8. Archived from the original on 29 June 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140629211758/http://press.anu.edu.au/austronesians/austronesians/pdf/austronesians-whole.pdf.

[11] See the language list at "Borneo Languages: Languages of Kalimantan, Indonesia and East Malaysia". Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV). Archived from the original on 9 February 2012.

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