Pythagoras

Pythagoras
Bust of Pythagoras of Samos in the Capitoline Museums, Rome
Kamundagan	c. 570 BC Samos
Kagadanan	c. 495 BC (aged around 75) either Croton or Metapontum
Era	Pre-Socratic philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Pythagoreanism
Main interests	Ethics Mathematics Metaphysics Music Mysticism Politics Religion
Notable ideas	Communalism Metempsychosis Musica universalis Attributed ideas: Five climatic zones Five regular solids Proportions Pythagorean theorem Pythagorean tuning Sphericity of the Earth Vegetarianism
Influences Thales Anaximander Pherecydes Themistoclea Orphism
Influenced Pythagoreanism Xenophanes Empedocles Plato

Si Pythagoras kan Samos (c. 570 – c. 495 BC)sarong sinaunang Griyegong Ionian na pilosopo asin nagmukna kan Pythagoreanism. An saiyang politikal asin relihiyosong pagtukdo midbid sa Magna Graecia asin nakaimpluwensya sa mga pilosopiya ni Plato, Aristotle, asin sa Western na pilosopiya.

Ginikanan na Biograpikal

Mayong naisurat manungod ki Pythagorasan natada, asin haros mayong naisurat mapadapit sa saiyang buhay. An pinakaenot na mapagkukunan sa saiyang buhay medyo halipot, dae klarado o satirikall.

Hilingon man

• Cosmos
• Ex pede Herculem
• Isopsephy (gematria)
• List of things named after Pythagoras
• Lute of Pythagoras
• Pythagoras tree (fractal)
• Pythagorean comma
• Pythagorean cup
• Pythagorean triple
• Pythagoras (sculptor)
• Sacred geometry

Mga toltolan

Mga gibo

Igwang dikit na mga ginikanan na teksto mapadapit ki Pythagoras asin Pythagoreans; kadaklan manunumpungan sa iba-ibang dakit-taramon.

Klasikong Ginikanan

• Diogenes Laërtius, Vitae philosophorum VIII (Lives of Eminent Philosophers), c. 200 AD, which in turn references the lost work Successions of Philosophers by Alexander Polyhistor — Plantilya:Cite LotEP
• Porphyry, Vita Pythagorae (Life of Pythagoras), c. 270 AD — Porphyry, Life of Pythagoras, translated by Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie (1920)
• Iamblichus, De Vita Pythagorica (On the Pythagorean Life), c. 300 AD — Iamblichus, Life of Pythagoras Archived 2019-02-11 at the Wayback Machine., translated by Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie (1920)
• Apuleius, following Aristoxenus, writes about Pythagoras in Apologia, c. 150 AD, including a story of his being taught by Zoroaster—a story also found in Clement of Alexandria. Plantilya:Harv
• Hierocles of Alexandria, Golden Verses of Pythagoras, c. 430 AD

Modernong ikaduwang ginikanan

• Asheri, David; Lloyd, Alan; Corcella, Aldo (2007). A Commentary on Herodotus, Books 1–4. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814956-9. 
• Bowra, C. M. (1994) [1957], The Greek Experience, London, England: Weidenfeld & Nicolson History, ISBN 978-1-85799-122-2 
• Bregman, Jay (2002), "Neoplatonism and American Aesthetics", in Alexandrakis, Aphrodite; Moulafakis, Nicholas J., Neoplatonism and Western Aesthetics, Studies in Neoplatonism: Ancient and Modern, 12, Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0-7914-5280-6 
• Bruhn, Siglind (2005), The Musical Order of the Universe: Kepler, Hesse, and Hindemith, Interfaces Series, Hillsdale, New York: Pendragon Press, ISBN 978-1-57647-117-3 
• Borlik, Todd A. (2011), Ecocriticism and Early Modern English Literature: Green Pastures, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-203-81924-1 
• Burkert, Walter (1 June 1972), Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-53918-1 
• Burkert, Walter (1985), Greek Religion, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-36281-9 
• Cameron, Alan (2004). Greek Mythography in the Roman World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-803821-4. 
• Carpenter, Rhys (1921), The Esthetic Basis Of Greek Art: Of The Fifth And Fourth Centuries B.C, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania: Bryn Mawr College, ISBN 978-1-165-68068-9 
• Christensen, Thomas (2002), The Cambridge History of Western Music Theory, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-62371-1 
• Cornelli, Gabriele; McKirahan, Richard (2013), In Search of Pythagoreanism: Pythagoreanism as an Historiographical Category, Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-030650-7 
• Copleston, Frederick (2003) [1946], "The Pythagorean Society", A History of Philosophy, 1 Greece and Rome, London, England and New York City, New York: Continuum, ISBN 978-0-8264-6947-2 
• Dicks, D. R. (1970), Early Greek Astronomy to Aristotle, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0-8014-0561-7 
• Dillon, Sheila (24 December 2005), Ancient Greek Portrait Sculpture: Context, Subjects, and Styles, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-61078-1 
• Ferguson, Kitty (2008), The Music of Pythagoras: How an Ancient Brotherhood Cracked the Code of the Universe and Lit the Path from Antiquity to Outer Space, New York City, New York: Walker & Company, ISBN 978-0-8027-1631-6 
• French, Peter J. (2002) [1972], John Dee: The World of the Elizabethan Magus, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-7448-0079-1 
• Celenza, Christopher (2010), "Pythagoras and Pythagoreanism", in Grafton, Anthony; Most, Glenn W.; Settis, Salvatore, The Classical Tradition, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, pp. 796–799, ISBN 978-0-674-03572-0 
• Grant, Michael (1989), The Classical Greeks, History of Civilization, New York City, New York: Charles Schribner's Sons, ISBN 978-0-684-19126-3 
• Gregory, Andrew (2015), "The Pythagoreans: Number and Numerology", in Lawrence, Snezana; McCartney, Mark, Mathematicians and their Gods: Interactions between Mathematics and Religious Beliefs, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 21–50, ISBN 978-0-19-870305-1 
• Guthrie, W. K. (1979), A History of Greek Philosophy: Earlier Presocratics and the Pythagoreans, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29420-1 
• Haag, Michael (2013), Inferno Decoded: The Essential Companion to the Myths, Mysteries and Locations of Dan Brown's Inferno, London, England: Profile Books, Ltd., ISBN 978-1-78125-180-5 
• Hare, R. M. (1999) [1982], "Plato", in Taylor, C. C. W.; Hare, R. M.; Barnes, Jonathan, Greek Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, Past Masters, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 103–189, ISBN 978-0-19-285422-3 
• Hermann, Arnold (2005), To Think Like God: Pythagoras and Parmenides—the Origins of Philosophy, Las Vegas, Nevada: Parmenides Publishing, ISBN 978-1-930972-00-1 
• Homann-Wedeking, Ernst (1968), The Art of Archaic Greece, Art of the World, New York City, New York: Crown Publishers 
• Horky, Philip Sydney (2013), Plato and Pythagoreanism, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-989822-0 
• Joost-Gaugier, Christiane L. (2006), Measuring Heaven: Pythagoras and his Influence on Thought and Art in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0-8014-7409-5 
• Kahn, Charles H. (2001), Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A Brief History, Indianapolis, Indiana and Cambridge, England: Hackett Publishing Company, ISBN 978-0-87220-575-8 
• Kenny, Anthony (2004), Ancient Philosophy, A New History of Western Philosophy, 1, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-875273-8 
• Kingsley, Peter (1995), Ancient Philosophy, Mystery, and Magic: Empedocles and the Pythagorean Tradition, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press 
• Langdon, Stephen; Fotheringham, John (1928). The Venus Tablets of Ammizaduga: A solution of Babylonian chronology by means of the Venus observations of the First Dynasty. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-9-33-362298-1. 
• Marincola, John (2001). Greek Historians. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-922501-9. 
• McKeown, J. C. (2013), A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-998210-3 
• O'Meara, Dominic J. (1989), Pythagoras Revived, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823913-0 
• Press, Gerald A. (2003) [1982], Development of the Idea of History in Antiquity, Montreal, Canada and Kingston, New York: McGill-Queen's University Press, ISBN 978-0-7735-1002-9 
• Pomeroy, Sarah B. (2013), Pythagorean Women: The History and Writings, Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-1-4214-0956-6 
• Riedweg, Christoph (2005) [2002], Pythagoras: His Life, Teachings, and Influence, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0-8014-7452-1 
• Roberts, Jennifer T. (2011). Herodotus: a Very Short Introduction. OXford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957599-2. 
• Russell, Bertrand (2008) [1945], A History of Western Philosophy, A Touchstone Book, New York City, New York: Simon & Schuster, ISBN 978-0-671-31400-2 
• Russo, Attilio (2004), "Costantino Lascaris tra fama e oblio nel Cinquecento messinese", Archivio Storico Messinese, LXXXIV-LXXXV: 5–87, especially 51–53, ISSN 0392-0240 
• Schofield, Malcolm (2013), Aristotle, Plato and Pythagoreanism in the First Century BC: New Directions for Philosophy, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-02011-5 
• Sherman, William Howard (1995), John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance, Amherst, Massachusetts: The University of Massachusetts Press, ISBN 978-1-55849-070-3 
• Simoons, Frederick J. (1998), Plants of Life, Plants of Death, Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, ISBN 978-0-299-15904-7 
• Sparks, Kenton L. (1998). Ethnicity and Identity in Ancient Israel: Prolegomena to the Study of Ethnic Sentiments and their Expression in the Hebrew Bible. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-033-0. 
• Taub, Liba (2017), Science Writing in Greco-Roman Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-11370-0 
• Vasunia, Phiroze (2007), "The Philosopher's Zarathushtra", in Tuplin, Christopher, Persian Responses: Political and Cultural Interaction with(in) the Achaemenid Empire, Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales, ISBN 978-1-910589-46-5 
• Whitehead, Afred North (1953) [1926], Science and the Modern World, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-23778-9 
• Zhmud, Leonid (2012), Pythagoras and the Early Pythagoreans, translated by Windle, Kevin; Ireland, Rosh, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-928931-8 

Panluwas na takod

• Pythagoras sa In Our Time sa BBC
• Huffman, Carl, "Pythagoras", in Zalta, Edward N., Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 
• "Pythagoras of Samos", The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland
• "Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans, Fragments and Commentary", Arthur Fairbanks Hanover Historical Texts Project, Hanover College Department of History
• "Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans" Archived 2009-03-09 at the Wayback Machine., Department of Mathematics, Texas A&M University
• "Pythagoras and Pythagoreanism", The Catholic Encyclopedia
• Works by or about Pythagoras at Internet Archive
• Mga gibo ni Pythagoras sa LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)